Tag Archive for: Chlorine damage to coral? A new answer or part answer…

CORAL BLEACHING – CHLORINE  v  CHLORINE DIOXIDE.

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 Politico story perchlorate

Washington was supposed to be the backstop for chemicals like perchlorate.
Toxins are supposed to be managed under the Safe Drinking Water Act, the 1974 law that Congress passed after scientists discovered widespread contamination in American tap water. Under the law, the EPA has set national limits for 89 dangerous chemicals, bacteria and viruses. But nearly all of those limits were set between 1986 and 1996, when Congress required the EPA to analyze and regulate chemicals at a steady clip.
In the 20 years since that update went into effect, not a single new contaminant has been regulated under the law.

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→  Management of biofilm ←

↑   ↑   ↑
This is another great paper by Dr. Greg Simpson.

  ( And may be Sea Coral ! )

Dead Coral

Chlorine Dioxide

More info  → HERE

THE HISTORY OF ONE OF THE WORLD’S
MOST POWERFUL, AND SAFEST DISINFECTANTS:

  1814

Sir Humphrey Davy, a British chemist, discovers chlorine dioxide (CD), a result of potassium chlorate reacting with sulfuric acid. Although he fully understood the chemistry, he most likely did not appreciate the consequences: CD will prove to be more effective at killing more viruses, bacteria and fungi than any comparable disinfectant, such as chlorine bleach.

  1930s

Because of the disinfecting power of CD, use begins to grow. A major benefit of CD is that, as a true gas, it expands uniformly to fill the space it is disinfecting. Due to concerns about the logistics of safely transporting the gas, industries wishing to use it decide to simply make it themselves in large quantities and activate it on site.

  1944

To mitigate taste and odor problems, CD is introduces into a water treatment plant at Niagara Falls, N.Y. Other municipalities soon do the same. The water not only tastes better and has no unpleasant odor–it’s also safer to drink, thanks to CD’s strong disinfecting properties.

  1950s

Brussels, Belgium, changes from chlorine to CD to disinfect drinking water in 1956. The 1950s see widespread use of CD in water treatment plants and swimming pools in the U.S. A new discovery is made: CD destroys biofilm, the algal slime that collects in cooling towers, among other places and harbors harmful bacteria. Chlorine bleach by contrast cannot kill biofilm.

  1967

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) registers an aqueous form of CD for use as a sanitizer and disinfectant. Even though it aggressively attacks pathogens it is extremely safe and CD is eventually used to commercially sanitize fruit. 1970s to early 1980sThe EPA begins recommending using CD instead of chlorine bleach to treat water because CD does not produce any harmful byproducts. Although chlorine and chlorine dioxide share a common name, they are fundamentally different chemicals with distinctly different chemical structures. This means they react differently when mixed with other compounds. Chlorine bleach is formed by adding chlorine gas to salt water. However, when chlorine bleach reacts with naturally occurring organic and inorganic matter in water streams, it produces THMs (trihalomethanes). THMs have been linked to cancer. Because of its superior efficacy and how safe is its, use of CD continues to grow.

♦ [1974 ‘The Safe Drinking Water Act’- President Ford see below] 

1988

The EPA registers CD as a sterilizer. This means CD is both safe and effective to use in hospitals, healthcare facilities, and laboratories. 2001CD, in both liquid and gas forms, becomes the number one substance used to decontaminate buildings where the anthrax attacks occurred. It’s success rate is based on how well is works against very small anthrax spores, how quickly and easily it is deploy. CD completely destroys anthrax without harming buildings.

  2005

CD is deployed to eradicate mold infestations in homes damages by the flood waters from Hurricane Katrina. After a 12-hour treatment, a New Orleans restaurant is able to banish all mold inside without rebuilding.

  2012

(January) ProKure revolutionizes the way CD is deployed. For the first time, because of ProKure’s patented technology, CD can be created at any time, and anywhere there’s water. It can now be safely transported in dry pouches and made into a liquid disinfectant and deodorizer on site and on demand. In essence, the ProKure product line has made it possible for industries and companies of all sizes (not just a select few) to quickly and easily unleash the amazing power of chlorine dioxide. 2014 (November) CD is now two hundred years old. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) registers ProKure V as a disinfectant against the Ebola virus. ProKure V begins to kill pathogens in a matter of seconds, whereas other commonly used, more traditional disinfectants take minutes. The rapid speed in which ProKure V kills pathogens makes it a product of choice for helping contain infectious-disease outbreaks and keeping public facilities cleaners and safer for everyone. 

Ozone Instead Of Chlorine

CHLORINE DIOXIDE GAS DOES NOT DEPLETE THE
OZONE LAYER AS CHLORINE GAS DOES.

The Scientific Method (MMS)

 *  ♦  See 1974 →  ‘Safe Drinking Water Act’

Technically, artificially fluoridating drinking water is a violation of the ‘Safe Drinking Water Act’
(SDWA). Under statutes of the SDWA, federal agencies are forbidden from endorsing,
supporting, requiring or funding the practice of adding any chemicals to the water
supply other than for purposes of water purification. However, the Public
Health Service (PHS) applies semantics to circumvent Federal law
in order to promote and fund the practice
of fluoridation tyranny.

More info  →   HERE

See also ↓ 
CHLORINE AND ATRAZINE

  USA EPA More info → HERE 

Other uses include: Seafood industry, Food processing, Poultry industry,
Air conditioning cooling towers, Swimming pools, Potable water treatment.

UrbanUtilities – Queensland still uses Chlorine ?

Alum. Aluminium sulphate was removed from Sydney water
supply 1994 suspected of causing Alzheimer’s disease

See also →  MARINE SNOW

INACTIVATION EFFECT OF CHLORINE DIOXIDE ON 
PHYTOPATHOGENIC BACTERIA IN IRRIGATION WATER

Kuo-Shan Yao1, Yung-Hsu Hsieh2, Yu-Jie Chang3, 
Chen-Yu Chang4,* Ta-Chih Cheng5 and Hui-Lin Liao4 
Taiwan 2 Department of Environmental Engineering National 
Chung-Hsing University Taichung 402, Taiwan. 
⇒  jeeam20-3_157-160  ⇐

http://www.dioxide.com/products/chlorine-dioxide/

See also → MMS  ←→  Jim Humble  ←→ Autism

 ↓ ↓ ↓  Very interesting  ↓ ↓ ↓
The removal of shipwrecks and application of chlorine may
help mitigate the damaging effects of corallimorph,
which is a type of invasive anemone,
on valuable coral reefs in the
↓  Central Pacific Ocean.  ↓

“Ships are often sunk deliberately to promote diving or recruitment sites
for reef organisms, but our study provides a cautionary note
for such practices in tropical marine systems.”