Fluoride In New Zealand Birds: A Review

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Extract from page 6:

The other obvious exception was samples of House Sparrows – Passer domesticus,
including those from the immediate Tiwai Point Smelter environs collected in 1982.

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No previous samples of this species had been collected before smelting operations started at this site.
The 1982 sample had a range of 2430 – 7777 ppm (n=9, mean=4130) compared with other samples of this species from around New Zealand which had a range of 349 – 2500 ppm (n=9, mean =1301).

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This suggests a significant increase (p = <.001) in fluoride levels for birds living and feeding close to the Tiwai Point smelter.

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A study in Czechoslovakia (Macuch et al. 1969) of ‘sparrows’ showed a range of 1013 – 3527 ppm close to a smelter compared to 84 – 565 ppm elsewhere…