This fluoride accident was under reported!

FIVE WORKERS WERE KILLED AND
18 OTHERS WERE INJURES IN THE BLAST

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7  October 2012

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Fluoride Accident South Korea

↓ This Video runs for 65 seconds 

  Hydrogen Fluoride kills 5   

↑ Warning, disturbing short video ↑

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An estimated 8 tons of HF was released.

5 people including the 2 workers perished,

18 responders, workers, reporter wound-up in the hospital,

 almost 3000 villagers from 2 villages downwind of the

facility were treated for irritation, exposure.

damage related to the leak that totaled some $8.5 million

     Five workers were killed and 18 others were injured in the blast at chemical maker Hube Global at the Gumi National Industrial Complex in the industrial city, about 200 kilometers southeast of Seoul.
The gas leak has cost factories in the industrial complex about 17.7 billion won (US$15.9 million) in lost production, officials said. Hundreds of angry villagers in Gumi who suffered after the massive gas leak moved to a safer region with some residents reporting blood in their saliva. About 110 elderly people in Bongsan-ri village evacuated to a facility about 10 kilometers away.

More than six weeks after eight tonnes of hydrofluoric acid was accidentally released at a chemical plant in South Korea, many of the thousands of local residents who fled the area at the time have reportedly not yet returned to their homes despite assurances from authorities that the area is now safe.

The highly toxic hydrofluoric acid was released on 27 September at the Hube Global chemical plant in Gumi, about 200km from Seoul. The leak killed five workers at the plant and severely injured at least 18 others, including workers and emergency personnel. The plant is reportedly still idle after the accident with no date yet set for resuming operations.

Hydrofluoric acid is used to produce chemical precursors for the pharmaceutical industry and has other industrial applications. Highly corrosive and an acute poison, exposure can cause death and serious damage to the skin, lungs, heart, bones and nervous system.

Initial press reports at the time of the accident said more than 3000 people in villages and farms downwind of the accident inhaled fumes and required emergency treatment for health complaints, including nausea, chest pain, rashes and sore eyes. The accident also contaminated crops and sickened livestock. Around 80 other firms in the area were affected, with damages estimated at more than $20 million (£12.5 million).

The initial government response to the accident, including possible mistakes by firefighters, and a sluggish evacuation of nearby residents, was sharply criticized in the Korean media. The government later acknowledged the severity of the incident on 8 October by designating the area around the plant a ‘special disaster zone’. Since then, additional information about the aftermath of the accident has slowed to a trickle.

Afraid to return home

A recent local news report says that government officials have declared that hydrofluoric acid concentrations in the air, water and soil in the affected area have dropped to levels that are no longer harmful. But the report adds that most residents are still afraid to return to their homes.

Vladimir Sakharov, director of the environmental emergencies preparedness programme at Geneva-based Green Cross Internationaltells Chemistry World that it is possible that hydrofluoric acid concentrations are now below dangerous levels. ‘If the spill was treated with neutralizing substances, normally, the situation should be under control after more than a month,’ he says.

Sakharov adds: ‘Depending on the specifics of the response operations and local conditions, soil may become polluted by fluorides, which are strongly retained by soil components. Then, fluorides may accumulate in plants. To what extent soil is polluted by fluorides and whether it is safe to resume agricultural activities, could be determined by chemical and Eco toxicological analyses and tests.’

The commercial area in Gumi where the accident occurred was originally developed with the goal of attracting high-tech firms. But when high-tech demand failed to materialize, zoning regulations were eased to allow other industries in. In 2008, Hube Global, a South Korean-Chinese joint venture headquartered in Seoul, opened the ill-fated plant to supply raw materials to the electronics, chemicals, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and biotech sectors.

Human error

Police investigating the accident said that the hydrofluoric acid spill may have been caused by human error as two workers were unloading the chemical from a delivery tanker. A closed circuit security video camera recorded the two workers on top of the tanker, both without protective gear. They were connecting an air hose to a valve in the tanker in order to force the chemical out under high pressure. The video shows white vapour erupting at high pressure from the tanker, engulfing the workers.

Police have said the workers were trying to save time and did not follow proper safety procedures. Prosecutors plan to indict three Hube Global executives.

Firefighters who initially responded to the Hube Global accident were not apparently fully briefed on the risks of hydrofluoric acid, according to some reports. The first to arrive on the scene wore typical firefighting garments and masks – inadequate protection against hydrofluoric acid fumes. Firefighters also spread the hydrofluoric acid further by spraying water on it. At the time of the accident, neither the Gumi city government nor the Hube Global plant had supplies of slaked lime, an agent used to neutralize the acid. Slaked lime was not deployed at the accident scene until the day after the leak.

‘I am sure that RoK (Republic of Korea) specialists and scientists know what and how to respond from now on in,’ Sakharov says.

‘I would urge openness and transparency from RoK authorities, so this could benefit the entire international community.

Lessons from this environmental emergency would be extremely valuable for all countries: what exactly happened, what was done, what went well and what did not work, positive and negative results, achievements and shortcomings, how to prevent such accidents and be better prepared in the future?’

South Korea today began evacuating people from a village near Gumi, where eight tons of hydrofluoric acid leaked out of the city’s Hube Global’s chemical factory on September 27, according to Agence France-Press.

More from GlobalPost: North Korea soldier defects to South Korea across DMZ

(Note: this article has been changed to reflect it was hydrofluoric acid that spilled, not hydrocloric as initially reported by AFP.)

Several dozen villagers were taken to a temporary shelter today, and officials said the rest of Bongsan-ri village’s 300 residents will be moved in later stages. 

The move comes a day after the government launched a three-day probe into the leak amid mounting concerns that it has compromised the health of hundreds, issuing a statement saying authorities may designate “the affected region a special disaster zone,” according to Agence-France Press

Health officials said at least 600 people have so far been treated for health complications caused by the leak, said AFP. The spill was triggered by an accidental explosion that killed five people at the plant.

Hydrofluroric acid is capable of penetrating human tissue and is considered extremely dangerous.

But residents of the area say the government has been slow to respond to health concerns. Today’s relocation came hours after villagers held a meeting to demand they be removed from the region. 

Local leader Park Myung-seok told AFP he and other villagers had “decided to relocate by ourselves as the government is doing nothing for us.”

Residents of another nearby village, Imcheon-ri, are also reportedly calling for relocation. 

Gomi’s disaster management office today said 73 companies have reported
property damage related to the leak that totaled some $8.5 million,
said AFP. A large amount of farmland was also affected. 

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Industry and these government agencies have been largely
successful in obscuring the facts. This has been brought
about by authoritarian endorsement and opinion,
by making claims unsupported by valid
science, and by repetition…

how-we-got-fluoridated

 ↓ ORIGINAL HERE ↓

How We Got Fluoridated

by Philip Heggen  …  April 1999

Throughout the world, and from the beginning, virtually all living creatures have been exposed to fluoride.
It’s nothing new. Fluoride is one of the most abundant elements in the earth’s crust [and Mars] – cumulative and toxic to all forms of life at remarkably low dosage.

Sixty years ago U.S. dental researchers had identified areas in sixteen states where disfiguring mottled enamel was a serious problem. Thirty years ago, the World Health Organization had noted that high concentrations of fluoride are found in areas of every continent and that dental fluorosis is a problem from Finland to South Africa and from England to Japan.

But fluoride affects more than just developing teeth. Even dinosaurs have ingested water and vegetation contaminated by fluoride from volcanic gases and ash – and suffered the consequence in terms of painful arthritic effects.

Industrial mining and manufacturing, like mini-volcanoes, bring up fluorides from the earth into the biosphere, with similar effects on human communities. In the past century or so, man has spawned these “mini-volcanoes” without fully understanding the consequences. Modern well-drilling equipment has provided much needed water from deep within the earth – and this, too, has resulted in fluoride poisoning. This has not been a conspiracy in the usual sense of the word … but rather, a colossal blunder.

“The problem is enormous, unbelievable,” says Andezhath Susheela of the Fluorosis Research and Rural Development Foundation in Delhi, India. She has been unraveling the national story for a decade during which time her estimate of the number of people leading “a painful and crippled life” from fluorosis has risen from one million to 25 million and now to 60 million – six million of them children – spread across tens of thousands of communities. “In some villages three-quarters of the population are seriously affected.”

This paper is a chronicle and overview spanning the history of modern industry. It shows the rise of fluoride pollution and how economic motives have overridden concerns for human health. We take you back to the early metal refinery pollution in Europe and show the record of lawsuits for fluoride damage. This reveals the basis for American industry’s fear of being shut down by lawsuits. We also document the steps taken by industry to divert public attention away from fluoride air pollution. This chronicle shows that the origin of water fluoridation is in these fluoride fears of industry – not in concern for children’s teeth.

During the 1940s, the development of the atom bomb required handling huge amounts of fluoride in the production of nuclear weapons. Documented here is a major safety study by the Atomic Energy Commission. As a result of this extensive study, the federal government became involved in the suppression of information about fluoride poisoning. Formerly restricted government documents now made available under the Freedom of Information Act have filled in some blank spaces in this chronology.

Thus, both big government and big industry, for different reasons, became involved in the cover-up. The succeeding collaboration of industry and government is documented in detail.

The difficulties in maintaining a deception over an extended time are significant. This is especially true with an ongoing issue like fluoridation. A compounding of dishonest statements and actions is required to maintain the original deception. At a certain point, the truth of the situation becomes obvious. These consequences are now coming to bear on the defenders of fluoridation. The Epilogue deals with this coming confrontation.

Introduction

During the last half of the Nineteenth Century, ore refineries and chemical plants were introduced in Europe. In these early years of the industrial revolution came serious air pollution problems. Iron and copper refineries or smelters were the worst culprits. Fumes and fallout from their smokestacks caused obvious injury and sickness to people, livestock, crops, and other vegetation in the surrounding communities and countryside.

Unknown in the early years of the industrial revolution, the most deadly chemical killer in this effluent was hydrogen fluoride (HF), now known to be toxic in a concentration of parts per billion. The term fluorine, rather than fluoride was then commonly used in referring to the air pollutant. Hydrogen fluoride was itself first identified in industrial emissions after the turn of the century, but its effects had been clearly seen in the areas surrounding these industrial polluters.

Early European Chronology

1855

Smelters in Freiburg, Germany first paid damages to neighbors injured by fluorine emissions.

1893

The smelters in Freiburg paid out 880,000 marks in damages for fluorine contamination injuries and 644,000 marks for permanent relief.

1900

The very existence of the smelting industry in Germany and Great Britain is threatened by successful lawsuits for fluorine damage and by burdensome laws and regulations.

1907

A disease of cattle that had been endemic around Freiburg for some 20 years was identified as fluorine poisoning from the smelters.

1912

Fluorine poisoning of cattle was reported near a superphosphate plant in Italy. During the 1890s there had been numerous complaints of damage to vegetation around superphosphate fertilizer plants.

1918

The cattle around a Swiss aluminum plant became poisoned. Aluminum smelters, utilizing the fluxing agents flourite (49% fluorine), and cryolite (54% fluorine), were to become major sources of fluorine air pollution.

Part I   Overview

In America, the term fluoride replaced fluorine in referring to air pollution – as fluorine rarely occurs uncombined with other elements, due to its extremely high reactivity. This is the basis for its toxic effect on virtually all biological systems.

The many successful lawsuits for airborne fluoride damage in Europe were seen as a threat to American Industry. This feared risk produced a strong incentive which resulted in attempts to suppress the facts and sidetrack public concerns about hydrogen fluoride air pollution.

As American smelting industries expanded and smokestack emissions increased, the threat of legal action and regulatory controls worried these industries. Bringing about changes in people’s attitude about fluoride was seen as critically important . The original strategy was to get people to believe that water was the chief source of fluoride, and that other sources were unimportant.

In 1931, this camouflage began with the announcement by Alcoa’s chief chemist, H.V. Churchill, that the mottled teeth of children in the Pittsburgh area had been caused by fluoride in the water. Pittsburgh, of course, was the location of Alcoa’s aluminum smelters. This trick is documented in the Pittsburgh Press for May 31 under the headline, “Scientist Here Finds Secret Poison Which Blackens Teeth of Children”. Churchill’s announcement left the public with the idea that it was only fluoride in the water that caused “mottling”. Today the blame has shifted to toothpaste.

Alcoa’s deception had the effect of covering up major airborne fluoride damage in Pittsburgh. The success of this ploy resulted from the public’s acceptance of Churchill’s expert opinion as unbiased, when it was strongly biased. It does not take an expert to see the circumstances pointing to bias. The tendency of many people to quickly and uncritically accept expert opinion has been utilized as a propaganda device. In fact, it was to become the principal tool and stratagem of the fluoridation campaign. If one looks through profluoridation literature, it is found to be full of authoritarian endorsements (expert opinion), but no hard evidence.

Later, it would be claimed that people need fluoride, and that fluoride should be added to the water supply so everyone could get it. This strategy was to provide an enormous outlet for waste fluorides. Shaping people’s attitudes about fluoride had now begun and was to continue unabated for seven decades. Since the mid-1960s, television advertising has been intensively used to achieve this purpose, with $30 million spent on advertising Crest fluoridated toothpaste in just one year.

In 1931, it became widely known that mottled tooth enamel is caused by fluoride poisoning of the tooth buds while the enamel is being formed. Fluoride in the bloodstream reaches the tooth buds before the teeth erupt through the gums. Fluoride in the drinking water does not directly contact the tooth buds. For this reason dental fluorosis is clear evidence of systemic fluoride poisoning. Also, dental fluorosis is often caused by hydrogen fluoride in toxic air pollutants. It can likewise be caused by foods prepared from crops grown in fluoride contaminated soils and air.

Along with the shaping of public attitudes, industry influenced key government agencies. The US Public Health Service (USPHS), and later, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) cooperated, to a surprising degree, in the economical disposal of industry’s toxic fluoride waste materials. As a result of agency appointments and hiring of industry-funded scientists, these government agencies became closely identified with the motivations of industry. In the process, they have had to ignore serious adverse effects on human health – from fluoride as well as a number of other toxic chemical compounds. In the easy choice of catering to industry, these Agencies incrementally abandoned their own basic charge of promoting human and environmental health.

This identification with industry was true regarding air pollution, and later epitomized in water fluoridation, with the USPHS eventually setting the goal of mandatory national fluoridation by the turn of the century. EPA later rationalized this goal by calling it an efficient way to recycle waste.

As a consequence of the realignment of the Public Health Service into a strong supporter of fluoridation, research in academic institutions also came under the control of big industry on this feared pollution issue. Control over research in academic institutions was brought about through the giving and withholding of government grants and research contracts. All government support of academic institutions was channeled through the industry biased Public Health Service. These pressures and incentives grew as industry grew. Applied relentlessly over the years and decades, the fluoride industry’s influence on academia has now spanned most of the 20th century.

By way of economic incentives the American Dental Association (ADA) also became a prominent and active promoter of fluoridation. This came about through the influence of a small clique pretending to speak for all dentists. While the public has tended to see ADA as an unbiased professional organization, it is, in fact, a trade group, with predictable motivations. The role of ADA in fluoridation has been that of an opportunist. It has received ongoing financial support from the USPHS, itself a virtual arm of big industry. ADA alleged an ethical role on the part of dentists based on their claim that fluoridation would reduce dentists’ income. But expensive cosmetic dentistry required to hide the effects of fluorosis actually increased the incomes of dentists. As a result, the dental trade association has become an ideal front for big industry in their scheme to dump fluoride waste products at a profit.

Influencing the US medical community was also of crucial importance to the success of the fluoridation scheme. Thousands of American Medical Association members came to be dependent on grants from the National Institutes of Health (a part of the USPHS) for most of their support. A majority of medical schools also came to recognize their increasing dependence on government grants via USPHS. One effect of this influence was minimizing the subject of fluorosis in medical texts. Consequently, the majority of dentists and physicians know very little about chronic fluoride poisoning.

Industry’s unstated motivation behind water fluoridation was to find an economical means for disposal of their accumulating fluoride waste products, and to avoid claims for compensation by workers harmed by airborne fluoride on the job. USPHS supports this industrial strategy while at the same time actively assisting industry in a cover-up of their fluoride air pollution problems. Today, through regional and county health offices, USPHS influences city councils to override previous ballot decisions against fluoridating public water, thereby subverting the basic principles of democratic government, as well as compromising public health.

With such pervasive influence of industry on government, academia, dentistry and medicine, it soon became political suicide for professionals to challenge or even question the fluoridation of drinking water. Individuals who had the boldness to do so soon found that their jobs were in jeopardy. Even outspoken dentists, the supposed experts, were ostracized from their trade organization (ADA) and saw their professional careers threatened. The ADA and their industrial backers were clearly out to destroy the opposition.

Of critical importance to industry was a complete knowledge about the chemical hazards associated with fluoride. Initially concerned with the fluoride-based refrigerant, freon, the Kettering Laboratory was founded in 1925 with gifts from Ethyl Corporation, General Electric, and DuPont and supported by other concerned industries. Kettering was to investigate chemical hazards in American industrial operations. It was Kettering policy to keep such research away from public view.

Since 1925, the great bulk of research in America having to do with fluoride poisoning has been financed by the concerned companies. It has been kept secret because it was done to protect the companies who funded Kettering. The Director of the Kettering Laboratory at the University of Cincinnati, Dr. Robert Kehoe, was also Medical Director of the Ethyl Corporation, and consultant to the Atomic Energy Commission – as well as the Division of Occupational Medicine of the USPHS. All three of these affiliations were with those having strong motives for suppressing the dangers associated with fluorides.

Fluoride research sponsored by industry was done by Kettering Laboratory so that it could be tightly controlled. Research supported by the federal government was channeled through the Public Health Service, which had become a virtual arm of big industry. With its strong bias, USPHS influenced the direction of fluoride investigations as well as what got published. It even censored reports after their publication. In this way, the concerned industries came to control nearly all of the fluoride research originating in the this country.

Research conducted in European countries and in Asia has not been subjected to such constraints. Their research has more starkly exposed the dangers of fluoride. This has led to the outlawing of fluoridation in 98% of Europe and clearly verifies the bias in American fluoride research. Since the classic work on Fluorine Intoxication published by Kaj Roholm in 1935 and 1937, the foreign medical literature has contained ongoing research reports on a wide variety of serious disorders stemming from fluoride poisoning. The same is true of the US veterinary literature. But our own medical literature suffers from the secrecy imposed on Kettering research and from the bias and censorship brought to bear by the Public Health Service.

Part I   Chronology – 1909 to 1938

1909

Alcoa was now producing 16,500 tons of aluminum per year and releasing 132 tons of hydrogen fluoride air pollutants per year.

1909

Pennsylvania law prohibits use of fluoride compounds in food – including water.

1916

The National Research Council, a subgroup of the National Academy of Sciences, is organized as an independent, non-government group. It would provide a close liaison between the USPHS and American Industry, and came to represent industry through the affiliations of its membership. Government agencies came to pass on their chartered responsibilities by taking recommendations from NRC, instead of using their own professional staff. Decisions affecting industry came to be handled this way, to the great advantage of industry.

1922

Aluminum cookware is introduced in the US. Aluminum production increases, along with production of the toxic waste product, sodium fluoride.

1925

The Kettering Laboratory is set up by an industrial consortium to do contract research work on chemical hazards in industrial operations. The research findings are hid from public view.

1925

Andrew Mellon becomes US Treasurer. The USPHS is under the direct jurisdiction of the Department of the Treasury. Andrew Mellon was a founder and major stockholder of Alcoa, the main producer of toxic fluoride waste materials. During the 1920s there was growing concern abroad, and in our own Department of Agriculture and Bureau of Mines over fluoride as a public hazard – but not in the Public Health Service. During this decade, no mention of fluoride can be found in the official USPHS publication, Public Health Reports. Also in 1925, the Mellon Institute was founded by Andrew and Richard Mellon, former owners of Alcoa.

1930

The world’s first major hydrogen fluoride fog disaster occurred in the Meuse Valley, Belgium. Six thousand people became violently ill, and sixty died in this episode. Many cattle were also killed. The Danish scientist, Kaj Roholm studied the aftereffects of this episode and the subject of fluorine poisoning. His classic work, Fluorine Intoxication, published in London and Copenhagen, is unique to this day, as it examined in detail substantial numbers of human subjects poisoned by a well defined and dated episode.

1931

A considerable portion of Kettering Laboratory’s facilities are dedicated to the study of fluorides, initially with investigations into Freon 12 gas. Under contract, the studies are not released to the public. Hydrogen fluoride air pollution from Alcoa’s Pittsburgh smelters were causing mottled teeth in the area’s children. Alcoa’s chief chemist ignores this known relationship and announces that fluoride in the drinking water is responsible. That successful camouflage was to be used later as a reason to fluoridate water supplies of cities with the worst fluoride air pollution, thereby diverting attention from air pollution

1931

USPHS dentist, H. Trendley Dean, is dispatched by Alcoa founder, Andrew Mellon, to certain remote towns in the Western US where water wells have a naturally high concentration of calcium fluoride. Dean’s mission would be to find out how much calcium fluoride young children could tolerate before there was obvious visible damage to their teeth.

1933

Dr. Lloyd DeEds, Senior Toxicologist with the Department of Agriculture published a sixty page review on chronic fluorine poisoning (Medicine 12:1-60 (Feb)1933): “Only recently, that is within the last ten years, has the serious nature of fluorine toxicity been realized, particularly with regard to chronic intoxication. It is from the viewpoint of chronic intoxication that fluorine is of importance to the public health.” He discussed poisoning of vegetation and livestock near aluminum plants; and pointed out that superphosphate plants were annually pouring 25,000 tons of fluorine into the air and adding 90,000 tons to the topsoil each year.

1935

From now on, and in the face of growing fluoride air pollution, the USPHS described “mottling” as a “water-borne disease”, and began investigating the extent of the disorder in the US.

1938

H. Trendley Dean and the USPHS conduct the “Galesburg-Quincy” study, one of the two studies upon which water fluoridation rests (the other is the “21 cities” study, done in 1939 and 1940). On these two studies rested the “fluorine-dental caries hypothesis” which was to be tested in the experiments at Grand Rapids, Michigan, Newburgh, New York, and Brantford, Ontario.Note: These studies were later examined by non-government expert statisticians and found to be statistically flawed, as well as having a significant number of other serious problems, making the studies worthless. (see Fluoride the Aging Factor by Dr. John Yiamouyiannis, p. 119-123. also: Fluoridation Errors and Omissions in Experimental Trials, by Philip R. N. Sutton, DDSc, LDS, Senior Research Fellow, Dept of Oral Medicine and Surgery, University of Melbourne, in collaboration with Sir Arthur B. P. Amies, Dean of the Dental School, University of Melbourne) It is interesting to note that Dean visited Galesburg earlier on a mottled enamel survey in 1934 and listed Galesburg as a city that “lacked the requisites for quantitative evaluation”.

PART II

A Federally Funded, National Strategy Supporting Big Industry

It was a quirk of fate that the early industrial secrecy surrounding fluoride in America was to be strongly reinforced by the federal government for reasons of national security. Fluoride was the key chemical compound in the production of the atomic bomb, and extensive government information on the serious health risks of fluoride was kept secret both during and after World War II. This helps explain how the fluoride industries were able to get virtually total cooperation from government agencies in covering up industry’s fluoride pollution.

When the concept of water fluoridation surfaced around 1939, it was quickly seized by big industry and turned into a relentless, no-holds-barred drive for universal fluoridation. This drive was soon to be implemented by the US Public Health Service as if it were a military mandate – a “mission”.

USPHS was ideal for this mission, being organized in a similar way to the US Armed Forces. Its officers are commissioned and expected to obey orders of the Surgeon General. The common public view of the Surgeon General as an impeccable and totally objective authority is often naive. In the real world the Surgeon General is expected to support and carry out current policy. If a particular policy, such as water fluoridation is supported successively by two or more Surgeons General, it would be naive to think this proves the policy is based on science.

USPHS has a Dental Corps which is closely associated with those in the American Dental Association (ADA) and holds interlocking memberships on its boards, committees, and councils. Significantly, officers of the USPHS also sit on the editorial boards of every important medical and dental journal in the United States.

The national strategy for universal fluoridation utilized state and regional health departments as ersatz field headquarters. Strongly biased literature was used, such as the Kettering abstracts published in 1963, and the key ADA propaganda piece, Fluoridation Facts, first published in 1960, and used to this day, although it is proved lacking in credibility by its own references. As this pamphlet was published more than three decades ago and is still uncorrected, one can only call it fraudulent. This promotional material was distributed to health departments and agencies throughout the country.

The disinformation campaign conducted by USPHS has been extended since the 1960s down to local health districts, sometimes employing state or field fluoridation coordinators. With a national communications network of state and regional health departments in place, community assessments can be made and those showing the least resistance are targeted first. The most successful tactics used in previously fluoridated communities are employed on prospective communities. The USPHS campaign has involved literally hundreds of such intrusions on communities, and has become a fine-tuned operation. District health department officials typically contact city councils with a strongly biased sales pitch and promises of federal funding. The attempt is often made to get city councils to vote and rule on the fluoridation issue without a public vote. In some cases, where it is legal, this may involve overriding previous public vote, even though it directly affects all the people in the community on a daily basis.

When a community is overrun by such tactics, the victory often gets wide publicity, as practiced in psychological warfare. Further, there is strong circumstantial evidence that the USPHS campaign includes overturning state laws that interfere with the USPHS “mission”. For example, in the State of Washington, the State Code prohibiting city councils from directly overriding previous public vote was successfully used in Spokane in 1984 to stop fluoridation in that city. The following year that State Code was overturned with no motivation from within Washington. When viewed in the larger context revealed in this chronicle, such circumstantial evidence is compelling.

It has been a priority of big industry to settle lawsuits out of court. This prevents legal precedents being set on fluoride damage, which could open the way for further litigation. A good example involved the Troutdale, Oregon aluminum plant east of Portland, which was operated by Alcoa during World War II. After the war some millions in damage suits were filed, and many hundreds of thousands of dollars were paid in settlements from the new renter of the plant, Reynolds Metals Co.

One such suit was for serious injuries to members of the Paul Martin family. It was considered so important by big industry that an armada of six corporations all joined in the suit as “friends of the court.” They were Alcoa, Kaiser, Harvey Aluminum, Olin-Mathieson, Victor Chemical, and Food Machinery and Chemical. When it appeared that the Martin family might win their case, an out of court settlement was arranged by purchasing the Martin ranch at an inflated price. Once again, a potentially important legal precedent did not get into the legal record.

PART II  – 1939 to 1959

1939

The concept of fluoridation arises as an alternative method of disposing of industrial waste chemicals, where disposal expense is replaced by profit. This fact was confirmed with approval in a 1983 letter written by Rebecca Hanmer, Assistant Administrator, from EPA Office of Water.

1939

The Hatch Act was passed after revelations that employees of the WPA, a New Deal agency, were pressured to make political contributions. The new Act protected against a politicized federal work force. It also prohibited any federally funded agency, whether county, state, or federal, from trying to influence public referenda. Since the beginning of the effort to fluoridate water in the 1940s, however, the Hatch Act has been repeatedly and flagrantly violated

1939

On Sept 29, Mellon Institute scientist, Gerald J. Cox, begins his major role in the promotion of fluoridation by saying, “the present trend toward removal of fluorides from food and water may need reversal”.Note: Scientist Cox also had this to say in 1939: “Fluorides are among the most toxic of substances. Mottled enamel results from as little as 0.0001 percent of fluorine in the drinking water. Every use of water must be examined before fluoridation can begin”. (Journal of the American Water Works Assn. pp. 1926-1930, Nov 1939). Despite all of this, Alcoa sponsored biochemist, Gerald J. Cox, fluoridates rats in his lab and mysteriously concludes that “fluoride reduces cavities”. He makes a public proposal that the US should fluoridate its water supply. Cox begins to tour the US, stumping for fluoridation.

1939

The American Water Works Association decided there was sufficient evidence about fluoride to classify it as a hazardous material, like lead and arsenic. It then suggested that drinking water should contain no more than 0.1 ppm fluoride.

1941

Instead of forbidding the dumping of fluoride in water, the USPHS regulations set 1.0 ppm of fluoride as the maximum tolerance allowed in a public water supply. This allowed industries to continue to dump fluoride wastes into rivers.

1941

In December, Japan attacks Pearl Harbor. All anti-pollution regulations are suspended. Many parts of America now suffer hydrogen fluoride air pollution on an unprecedented scale. Major fluoride hazards develop in war materials production of WWII, consolidating government collusion with big industry on a coverup of fluoride hazards.

1942

In England, a Lancet report showed that out of 589 London children, 28% had mottled teeth. According to Alcoa’s chief chemist and the USPHS, London’s drinking water should contain well over one ppm fluoride to account for this. Tests showed just 0.19 ppm. Clearly, hydrogen fluoride was the cause. In this case, it was surely related to the heavy use of coal for fuel, a known source of HF.

1942

Hydrogen fluoride supplants sulfuric acid as a catalyst in the production of high test gasoline in Los Angeles. One such plant required 500-750 tons of HF yearly (Fluorine Industry Chem. and Met. Eng., 52:94-99 Mar. 1945).

1943

Planning began on the Newburgh, NY, Fluoridation Demonstration Project. Atomic bomb program scientists played a prominent but unpublicized role in this first US fluoridation experiment. Fluoride was the key chemical in atomic bomb production. Millions of tons of fluoride were needed for the manufacture of bomb-grade uranium and plutonium for nuclear weapons. Today, memos released under the Freedom of Information Act show that scientists from the atomic bomb program secretly shaped and guided the Newburgh fluoridation experiment. This reveals the US government conflict of interest and its motive to prove fluoride safe.

1944

Oscar Ewing is put on the payroll of the Aluminum Company of America as an attorney, at an annual salary of $750,000.

1945

Program “F” is implemented by the US Atomic Energy Commission (AEC). This is the most extensive US study of the health effects of fluoride – a key chemical component in atomic bomb production. One of the most toxic chemicals known to man, fluoride was found to have marked adverse effects to the central nervous system. But much of the information was classified “secret” in the name of national security because of fear that lawsuits would undermine full-scale production of atomic bombs.

1946

With no new evidence of safety, and no stated reason, USPHS raised the maximum tolerance level of fluoride in public water supplies to 1.5 ppm.

1947

Alcoa lawyer, Oscar Ewing, is appointed head of the Federal Security Agency, later HEW, a position that places him in charge of the USPHS. He is the second Alcoa executive (after Andrew Mellon) to direct the course of the Public Health Service, completing its mutation into a virtual pawn of big industry. Under Ewing, a national fluoridation campaign rapidly materializes, spearheaded by the USPHS. Over the next three years, eighty-seven cities were fluoridated. This included the control city of Muskegan in the original Michigan experiment, thus wiping out the most scientifically objective test of safety before the test was half over.Ewing’s public relations strategist was Edward L. Bernays, Sigmund Freud’s nephew, who pioneered Freudian theory toward advertising and government propaganda (see Bernays’ 1928 book, Propaganda). Because of Bernays, people would be induced to forget that fluorides were toxic poisons. Opponents to the fluoridation program were painted as deranged. In 1996 they would be painted as civil rights activists, crackpots, and right-wing loonies. As the newspapers were heavily influenced by industry advertisers, they became key dispensers of such propaganda.

1948

The Donora Death Fog was the second major air pollution disaster in history. It was caused by the accumulation of stagnant hydrogen fluoride gas from steel and zinc smelters in a narrow industrialized valley. Six thousand of the 13,000 residents of this Pennsylvania town’s population became ill, and on the fourth day seventeen died. A leading forensic chemist, Philip Sadtler, investigated the tragedy and reported strong evidence of acute fluoride poisoning. His report appeared in Chemical and Engineering News under the headline, FLUORINE GASES IN ATMOSPHERE AS INDUSTRIAL WASTES BLAMED FOR DEATH AND CHRONIC POISONING OF DONORA AND WEBSTER. The USPHS whitewashed the incident in their report (see Public Health Bull. No. 306, Washington, D.C., 1949). Their conclusion was: No pollutant present could have caused the disaster. The following are excerpts from a critique of that report by Frederick B. Exner, MD:”A 173-page report tells us that there had been no unusual kind or amount of pollution, and that no pollution present could have caused the trouble. Sampling methods of doubtful reliability were applied at arbitrarily selected times and places, and the results averaged with no attempt at proper weighting. Calculations therefrom, replete with arithmetical errors and discrepancies, were combined with outright guesses to arrive at estimates of emission.They guess that 210 tons of coal burned in homes emit 30 lb. of fluorine but that 213 tons burned in the blooming-mill boilers emit only four lb. No possible reason for the difference is offered.On page 104, waste gas from the blast furnace contains 4.6 mg of fluorine per cubic meter. On page 108 it contains one-tenth as much.Calculations for open-hearth emission show a discrepancy of several thousand fold, with no way to know where the error lies.The biological studies and general air sampling are similarly inappropriate and meaningless. Air samples at twelve arbitrarily selected points between Feb. 16, and April 27, 1949, can tell us nothing about concentrations during the episode.”Test results of a study made of the Donora disaster by US Steel have been withheld from public view to this day. This is unmistakable evidence of an effort to cover up highly toxic HF emissions.

1948

As a direct consequence of the Donora disaster, USPHS began quietly sampling fluorides in the air over 27 major cities across the country. This sampling turned up serious HF air pollution (up to 80 ppb) in the following twelve cities: Pittsburgh, Baltimore, Chicago, Cleveland, Milwaukee, St. Louis, Philadelphia, San Francisco, Buffalo, Denver, Oklahoma City, and Indianapolis (see Register of Air Pollution Analyses, US Department of Health, Education and Welfare. USPHS, Washington DC, 1949-1961).

1950

The new hydrogen fluoride air pollution data collected by the USPHS presented a major problem. Data gathered showed HF contamination up to 80 ppb, more than ten times what had been proposed for standards.Strong circumstantial evidence suggests that the camouflage strategy adopted more than a decade earlier by Alcoa in Pittsburgh was to influence the strategy adopted by the USPHS: If the nation’s twelve cities with the most serious HF air pollution were fluoridated, this expensive-to-correct problem would be camouflaged. Dental fluorosis could then be attributed to the water, and authorities could describe mottled teeth as an “acceptable trade-off” for the claimed caries preventing properties of fluoridated water. To bring this about, the Great Fluoridation Experiment underway in Grand Rapids and three other cities was declared a success in June 1950, five years before the experiment would be complete. Before a single tooth had fully developed under the influence of the experimental fluoridated water, USPHS claimed a reduction in tooth decay of between 50 and 60 percent. (Dean, H. T. et al., Studies on Mass Control of Dental Caries through Fluoridation of the Public Water Supply, Public Health Report 65, 1950).This “success” then allowed USPHS to rush out to fluoridate the twelve cities with major HF air pollution and thereby camouflage the toxic air problems. All twelve cities were fluoridated in the following five years. The same camouflage was to be carried out two years later by Alcoa in Australia.

1950

Two years after the disaster in Donora, when the USPHS found serious HF air pollution across the country, their analytical method was changed from measuring the level of HF to measuring the level of fluoride ions in the air. Deception clearly motivated this change. Fluoride ions, like fluorine gas, are relatively rare toxic air emissions. By pretending that fluoride ions, not the far more harmful HF, was the concern in contaminated air, the USPHS avoided exposure of incriminating HF data which it thereby managed, once again, to ignore.

1950

From 1950 to 1951, Alcoa advertises sodium fluoride for addition to water supplies.

1950

The Journal of the American Dental Association, (30:447, 1950), features an article by Dr. G. J. Cox, University of Pittsburgh, who says, “To solve the esthetic problem for victims of mottled enamel, porcelain facings, jacket crowns, or even dentures may be required”. Note: The public is expected to bear the cost of what is being done to them while the dental industry profits.

1951

Early in 1951 Oscar Ewing allocated $2 million to “promote fluoridation nationwide”.

1951

Oscar Ewing was sponsoring a bill which the conservative American Medical Association claimed would be the first step toward socialized medicine. The AMA appealed to its members for a “fighting fund” to defeat the Bill and $3 million was raised. But at the AMA convention in Los Angeles, Ewing notified the committee that the bill was to be withdrawn. That same committee, which had never before considered the subject, suddenly released a statement saying that the AMA totally endorsed the “safety of fluoridation”. At that time there was not one published paper providing evidence to support the AMA endorsement. But from then on, the AMA left fluoridation to dentists – and to those powerful forces which were manipulating the dental trade association (ADA).

1952

The ADA Journal instructs its dentists not to discuss their personal opinions about fluoride. Here is blatant evidence of ADA political bias.

1952

In London, the greatest toxic fog disaster in history occurred from December 5-9 in a temperature inversion. Hydrogen fluoride (HF) gas was the culprit, as in the two earlier major disasters. During those five days there were 2,000 excess deaths in London, and some 10,000 more people were wiped out in the surrounding Thames Valley. Similar episodes, both before and after this one, occurred in London. In 1945, a noxious fog brought death to 600; in 1956, to 500; and in 1957, to 400 (Air Pollution, published on behalf of the World Health Organization, Columbia University Press, N.Y., 1961, p. 175).Shocking as it is, the toll of lives does not tell the whole story. Neither the assessments of the toxic air disasters, nor tests establishing maximum contaminant levels, take into account the widespread effects on mental function brought about by HF poisoning. Human behavior is exquisitely sensitive to minute traces of hydrogen fluoride – in the parts per billion range. In London, it is likely that millions were so affected. This includes symptoms of confusion, fatigue, partial loss of memory, and mental dullness and apathy. The condition identified in 1982 as chronic fatigue syndrome is currently of undetermined origin, and is now increasingly widespread. The same symptoms are caused by HF air pollution. Research on hydrogen fluoride is lacking, and funding is not available.

1952

USPHS officials, Drs. Dean, Arnold and McClure, concentrate their efforts to introduce fluoridation into Australia and New Zealand, providing more evidence for an underlying industrial motivation.

1952

Alcoa starts construction of the first aluminum smelter in Australia, two miles from the small town of Beaconsfield, Tasmania. The following year, Beaconsfield became the first town in all of Australia to install water fluoridation. Dental fluorosis could then be attributed to the water as an “acceptable trade-off” for prevention of caries (unproven). Beyond coincidence, here is more evidence of the industrial strategy to camouflaging airborne HF poisoning by fluoridating the water supply.

1955

The Kettering Laboratory in Cincinnati has become the largest organization of its kind in the world with a staff numbering about 120. Its specified purpose is to investigate chemical hazards that develop in American industrial operations (to prevent a replay of the litigation that plagued European industry and gave American industry a competitive edge).

1956

On Jan 26, Procter & Gamble ran a full page ad in the New York Times, proclaiming Crest toothpaste “an important milestone in medicine”, comparing it to Dr. Fleming’s discovery of penicillin. P & G published no evidence supporting their extravagant claims. Harold Hillenbrand, secretary of ADA responded saying there was no evidence that any fluoride paste could prevent tooth decay. Initially there was an FDA warning label on Crest, but it disappeared in 1958, without explanation, and did not reappear until nearly forty years later.

1957

Alcoa announces the direct sale of sodium fluoride to cities and towns – for fluoridation of drinking water. A decade later, when it was found that phosphate fertilizer companies could sell fluorides from their smokestack scrubbers for even less money, Alcoa was priced out of the fluoride dumping market.

1957

The American Dental Association receives $6,453,816 in federal funds, from 1957-1973.

1958

The World Health Organization (WHO) establishes an Expert Committee in Geneva to study fluoridation. At least five of the seven committee members had promoted fluoridation in their own countries. The American proponent, Professor H. C. Hodge, had some of his research financed by the Atomic Energy Commission, which was confronted with serious fluoride disposal problems from uranium processing. Professor Ericsson, the member from Sweden and a prominent advocate of fluoridation in Europe, was the recipient of a USPHS grant and received royalties from Sweden’s toothpaste industry. Such are the sources of the WHO endorsement of fluoridation.

1959

Reynolds Metals Co. built an aluminum smelter on the Gulf of St. Lawrence, upwind of a Mohawk Indian Reservation. Fifteen-hundred Mohawk Indians farmed on their island Reservation. Forty-five farmers had forty cattle barns and 364 dairy cattle. Cattle became lame and many cows died. In 1977, there were just 177 left. The farmers themselves were found to have muscular and skeletal abnormalities. The Mohawk way of life became the victim of a preventable man-made plague caused by hydrogen fluoride.

PART II   Chronology – 1960 to 1999

 

1960

In Canada, the Committee on Fluoridation meets in Toronto. Dr. G. E. Hall guides the deliberations. His daughter was employed by an aluminum corporation with fluoride pollution problems. He was himself serving as honorary advisory director for a leading fluoridation promoting organization, and his University (U. of Western Toronto) was the recipient of grants from the US Public Health Service (three conflicts of interest). Predictably, fluoridation of all public water supplies throughout Canada was advocated.

1960

In August, the ADA suddenly endorses the “safety and effectiveness” of Crest fluoride toothpaste, with no scientific evidence available. P & G stock rose by $8 per share. Toothpaste manufacturers around the world, including Colgate-Palmolive, Unilever and Beechams, jumped aboard the fluoride bandwagon.

1961

USPHS again raises the maximum tolerance level for fluoride in water supplies, this time to 2.4 ppm, in spite of the fact that one USPHS investigator said that at 1.5 ppm, the safety factor was zero.

1963

At the bequest of its industrial sponsors, The Kettering Laboratory collected US research articles on fluoride and “sanitized” them by rewriting their findings in published abstracts in a book titled, The Role of Fluoride in Public Health. Sponsors included Alcoa, American Petroleum Institute, Columbia-Geneva Steel Company, The Du Pont Company, Harshaw Chemical Company, Kaiser Aluminum and Chemicals Corporation, Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company, Pennsylvania Salt Manufacturing Company, Reynolds Metals Company, and the Universal Oil Products Company – all concerned about regulations bearing on fluoride air pollution and worker health problems.This book of 158 sanitized abstracts was then distributed to all health agencies throughout the US, thus becoming the standard reference work for state and county health departments. Busy health professionals relied on these convenient and readily available abstracts, rather than searching the literature for the original (unsanitized) research. In this way, many key professionals throughout the country were duped on the issue of fluoride poisoning.

1967

On October 15, the Pittsburgh Press reported that 98% of Pittsburgh school children 13-15 years of age had crooked teeth. It was not mentioned that chronic fluoride toxicity from childhood induces such malocclusion. Hydrogen fluoride poisoning from Alcoa aluminum smelters in the Pittsburgh area had not been monitored. Significantly, the Pittsburgh water supplies were fluoridated fifteen years earlier, in 1952.

1968

EPA chemist Ervin Bellack noted that recovered phosphate fertilizer acid waste contains about 19% fluorine. He reported that this concentrated scrubber liquor, which is 23% fluorosilicic acid, could be used as a water fluoridating agent – instead of sodium fluoride. Further, this waste product was available in enormous quantities – enough to fluoridate the entire nation’s water supply. The EPA and USPHS approved and promoted this source of fluoride waste for public water supplies, without conducting any tests for safety.Note: Legal disposal of the scrubber liquor as a waste product would cost about $1.40 per gallon due its highly toxic contents. Instead, it could now be sold to municipal water departments for upwards of sixty cents per gallon. Its toxic contents are called out in detail in the supplier’s specification sheet.The amount of this scrubber liquor sold annually for water fluoridation has been above one hundred thousand tons for many years. The scale of this business is in the millions of dollars annually. In this perspective, it is easy to appreciate the lengths to which big industry will go to try to rationalize and legitimatize the scheme. Sad to say, it now permanently compromises the health of more than one hundred million Americans.The only answer ever given to the above charge is that “toxicity is a function of concentration”, and that at one ppm in water, fluoride is not harmful. This glib statement ignores the most important fact concerning fluoride poisoning: it accumulates in the body. Half the daily dosage will produce the same poisoning effects in twice the time period. Chronic fluoride poisoning is a time bomb that the majority of Americans now face in their senior years. It can both cause and aggravate arthritis, a condition which affects virtually all who reach the age of retirement.

1970

Over 90% of toothpaste now contains fluoride. This is the result of an intensive advertising campaign backed by a profit oriented dental trade association which is mistakenly perceived as an unbiased authority. This advertising has tended to establish the image of fluoride as a beneficial, even essential element, while, in fact, it is officially rated more toxic than either lead or cadmium. Have Americans been brainwashed? You decide.

1971

Germany bans water fluoridation.

1971

Birmingham, Alabama, the steel capitol of the South, experienced a calamitous air pollution disaster. Thousands suffered smarting eyes and scratchy throats. Eight deaths were reported. Mayor George Seibels said the disaster was caused by stack gasses from steel works in the area. The emissions hung over the city for three days in a temperature inversion. Unfortunately, the city had no standards for hydrogen fluoride (HF) and never monitored the air for these gases. Newspapers throughout the country blamed the disaster on “high particulates,” but had no information on the particulates.GASP, a local environmental group turned to EPA for help, but no federal standards had been set, and even though human deaths occurred no one could be cited. Two months later the independent National Research Council hastily contrived a report for EPA stating, “Airborne fluoride currently presents no direct hazard to man.” This could be technically correct, if they were referring to ionic fluoride, which is rare in industrial emissions. The culprit in this disaster, however, was hydrogen fluoride, which NRC must have known. Furthermore, no committee can make a scientific judgement about safety when there are no standards and no data. Clearly, federal air pollution policies protect polluters and poison people.

1972

The February issue of the ADA’s own Journal reports that dental incomes and dental costs per person are higher in fluoridated communities. Dentists don’t mention that fluorides embrittle rather than toughen tooth enamel. Resultant cracks and chipping make tooth repair more difficult – and more expensive. Also, fluoride makes enamel porous, thereby increasing the wear rate of the tooth surface. These facts alone warrant ruling out fluoride treatment for teeth.

1972

Sweden bans fluoridation of public water.

1973

The Netherlands constitution bans water fluoridation.

1976

The CBS News almanac showed there were 76.7 dentists per 100,000 population in fluoridated cities, and only 59.2 in non-fluoridated cities. This was based on a study of thirty representative cities. The real surprise came in looking at the three US cities that have been fluoridated the longest: Grand Rapids, Michigan, Newburgh, NY, and Evanston, Illinois. These cities averaged 121 dentists per 100,000 population, which was more than double the national average – after 25 years on fluoridated water. It is easy to see why ADA promotes fluoridation so aggressively.

1980

From March 1980 to December 1980, the Houston Health Systems Agency allocated $1,399,822 federal tax dollars to promote fluoridation in Texas. The Texas Department of Health gave instructions to the Health Systems Agency on how to promote fluoridation. It stated: “A low profile of government pressure will be maintained. Convince citizens that they will receive personal health benefits without local tax money expenditures.” Here is evidence of the USPHS campaign.More than $94,000 was spent on media promotion of fluoridation in Portland, Oregon, and $5000 for the poll on why fluoridation failed to pass.Of a $90,000 federal grant for fluoridation, that city officials in Phoenix, Arizona had never requested, $38,000 was earmarked for media promotion. Here is more evidence of the USPHS campaign.

1982

The Water Chemicals Codex is published from Washington DC showing all fluoride products used in public water supplies are lead contaminated. Further, it is widely known that fluorides are extremely corrosive and leach lead from pipe joints. When water stands in pipes, the lead contamination in the water can easily double or triple. It is also widely known that fluoride has a synergistic action on lead in the water, increasing lead’s absorption in the human body.

1982

USPHS conducts its first group of studies on animal cancer and fluorides, mandated by the Congressional Hearings in 1977. The study lasts until 1984, and is then scrapped because of flaws in design and progress.

1985

USPHS contracts a second set of studies on animal cancer and fluoride, mandated by the 1977 Congressional Hearings, eight years earlier. USPHS again contracts Battelle Memorial Institute in Ohio, which conducts a study lasting until 1987. The results are released in 1988.

1985

The cost of dental services in the US rapidly increases – from $13.6 billion in 1979 to $27.1 billion in 1985 – in parallel with the increasing environmental saturation of fluoride from many sources. This is almost exactly a doubling of dental costs in six years. Inflation cannot account for changes on such a scale.

1985

EPA raises the maximum contaminant level for fluoride in drinking water to 4 ppm (4mg per liter). It was raised by USPHS in 1961 to 2.4 ppm. Both of these official increases were made without any scientific evidence or rationale. The EPA professionals union thereupon initiated legal action to stop this political decision by EPA management.

1986

Production of lead free gasoline in the US is growing rapidly. The process involves the use of HF to achieve high octane ratings without using lead. HF is now present in automotive exhaust gases instead of lead, even though it is more toxic than lead (see Townsend N. and Campbell D., Deadly Risks of Lead-free Petrol. New Statesman, 20 Ocober 1988).

1987

A series of hydrogen fluoride accidents in Texas City, Texas, Torrance California, and Tulsa, Oklahoma, demonstrate that industrial hydrogen fluoride sites are a major public safety threat. Small amounts of HF liquid will release a dense ground hugging gas cloud, lethal for several miles. The first symptoms of exposure to trace amounts of HF are psychological, including confusion, fatigue, partial memory loss, and mental dullness.

1988

Battelle Memorial Institute releases its studies on fluoride and animal cancer, for the USPHS, reporting highly specific fluoride-related cancers. The data is turned over by USPHS to the National Toxicology Program (NTP), who gives the data to the Experimental Pathology Labs, who reclassify and delete items damaging to the pro-fluoridation faction. The altered data is then submitted to the “pathology working group” on Dec 6, 1989, after a year of reworking – all this with the full knowledge of EPA. USPHS had data from the National Cancer Institute, as well as Procter and Gamble, indicating that fluoride causes bone cancer, but chose, likewise, to cover up those studies. By these inordinate delays spanning more than a decade, USPHS was able to make a travesty of the 1977 Congressional mandate.

1990

Procter and Gamble spends $30 million advertising Crest on US television. On March 5th the ADA News published a photo of ADA President Mike Overbey accepting a check for $100,000 from Procter and Gamble: “to commemorate the 30th Anniversary of ADA’s recognition of Crest.”

1990

Dr. William Marcus, a senior scientist at the US Environmental Protection Agency, was fired for exposing a coverup in a government study showing clear evidence that fluoride causes cancer.

1991

Dr. Robert J. Carton, Vice President of the Union representing twelve hundred scientists, engineers, and lawyers at EPA headquarters, presented the Drinking Water Subcommittee of the Science Advisory Board of EPA with evidence of scientific fraud in the preparation of EPA’s fluoride in drinking water standard. No follow up by the Science Advisory Board was ever made.

1991

Over 143,000 tons of toxic fluorides were dumped into US public drinking water this year. Most of it was fluorosilicic acid from the fertilizer industry, still untested by the federal government.

1992

In December, Dr. William Marcus was vindicated when Administrative Law Judge, David A. Clark, Jr., ordered EPA to give him back his job, with back pay, legal expenses, and $50,000 in damages. EPA appealed, but the appeal was turned down in 1994, by Secretary of Labor, Robert Reich, who accused EPA of firing Dr. Marcus in retaliation for speaking his mind in public. Reich found, among other things, that EPA had shredded important evidence that would have supported Dr. Marcus in court. The original trial proceedings also show that EPA employees who wanted to testify on behalf of Dr. Marcus were threatened by their own management. EPA officials also forged some of his time cards, and then accused him of misusing his office time.

1997

The Union of professionals at EPA headquarters in Washington, D.C., voted unanimously to co-sponsor a safe drinking water initiative that would reverse California’s 1995 mandatory fluoridation law. Local 2050 of the National Federation of Federal Employees has charged EPA management with “fraudulent alterations of data and negligent omission of facts to arrive at predetermined Agency positions regarding fluoride”. The above major news item on EPA went largely unreported across the country, clear evidence of the effective blackout on factual news concerning fluoride.

1997

Administrative “mandates” for fluoridation have been rejected at the polls in Pennsylvania, Kansas, and Washington States and in several other communities within the last year. This indicates growing public concern and a new emergence of public awareness.

1998

It was determined that over the past 50 years industries have released more than 25,000,000 tons of fluoride gases and particulates into the atmosphere. Arthritis, one of the most common physical symptoms of HF, is now found in the bulk of the senior population in the US. Why is this striking synchronism not being investigated? The answer is simple: Industry does not support it.

1998

The financial motivation of dental trade organizations are high. In California, in September of this year, Delta Dental Plan of California pledged $100,000, and the California Dental Association pledged $30,000, to help fund-raising efforts for fluoridating the State of California.

1999

Jan 21 Newswire/ — Y2KNEWSWIRE.COM today urged cities and municipalities to disconnect water fluoridation equipment during the Y2K rollover to prevent possible fluoride fatalities. Over the last 25 years fatalities have occurred when fluoride saturation levels ran too high; somedue to faulty flow control systems. In 1994, the New England Journal of Medicine published a study of a fatal fluoride overdose incident in Alaska, and dozens of verified fluoride “overfeeds” have occurred in cities and schools across the country. The risk of a fatal fluoride overdose is highest in schools, where the low body weight of children increases the risk. Saturation devices based on embedded systems or computer controls should be considered “unsafe” until proven otherwise.

 

 

13 February l999

U.S. Department of JusticeEnvironmental Crimes Division601 Pennsylvania Ave., NW 6th FloorWashington, DC 20004

Subject: Safe Drinking Water ActMaximum Contaminant Levelfor fluoride in drinking water

When EPA set the maximum contaminant level for fluoride in drinking water at four milligrams per liter, they based their calculation on incorrect dosage figures, which they described as 20 mg/day for 20 or more years. The calculation should have been based on a minimum of 10 mg/day for 10 or more years. This figure represents the total daily fluoride dosage according to the National Research Council which might cause crippling skeletal fluorosis.EPA also erred in failing to consider individual tolerances and lifetime exposures. Twenty years does not a lifetime make.EPA further violated the essence of the Safe Drinking Water Act in failing to consider arthritis (phase 1 and 2 skeletal fluorosis) as an “adverse” health effect … and in classifying disfiguring dental fluorosis as not an adverse health effect but merely “cosmetic.”EPA has set the MCL at a level too high to provide the legally required margin of safety. In addition to the errors mentioned above, EPA also neglected to consider background levels of fluoride which, unlike the situation fifty years ago, can be several times the dosage delivered in drinking water. In short, EPA has relied on outdated and inaccurate information.EPA must re-calculate the MCL according to law. Their minimum dosage figures 20 mg/day for 20 years for crippling skeletal fluorosis, were the result of an error in arithmetic, miscalculated by Harold C. Hodge, Ph.D., in 1953 and corrected by Dr. Hodge in 1979.

NAS/NRC corrected their figures in 1993. The minimum is currently estimated to be 10 mg/day for 10 years, or far less, on a daily basis, when ingested over a lifetime, or by individuals who are more vulnerable to the toxic effects of soluble fluorides. EPA management, however, has steadfastly ignored these facts.I am writing to you today to ask your assistance in forcing the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to obey the law.References:

  • The Safe Drinking Water Act, 42 U.S.C. 300f, et seq.

  • National Primary Drinking Water Regulations; Fluoride, Federal Register, 50(220): 47142-47171, Nov 14, 1985.

  • National Academy of Sciences / National Research Council, HEALTH EFFECTS OF INGESTED FLUORIDE, 1993, p 59.

  • U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, REVIEW OF FLUORIDE BENEFITS AND RISKS, 1991, page 46.

  • See images of the USDHHS symptoms & NAS/NRC dosage figures at: http://move.to/stopfluoride

Sincerely,

Philip Heggen

Thank you Philip

 

 

 

 

EPILOGUE  – The Approaching Confrontation

Alcoa responded to the human health issue in Pittsburgh with the initial plan to change public perceptions in order to protect industry. Andrew Mellon and Oscar Ewing, from Alcoa, the largest fluoride polluter, were both appointed to positions in control of the US Public Health Service. These appointments spanned the better part of two decades and had the effect of redirecting an agency established to protect people’s health into an agency to protect industry. EPA took on a similar role since its inception in 1971, led by William Ruckelshaus. At that time there existed a longstanding need for national standards on hydrogen fluoride emissions. During the first EPA press conference in January 1971, Mr. Ruckelshaus solemnly pledged to do so before the National Press Club. Neither he nor his successor, Russell Train, ever did.

Industry and these government agencies have been largely successful in obscuring the facts. This has been brought about by authoritarian endorsement and opinion, by making claims unsupported by valid science, and by repetition – the devices used by advertisers and propagandists. At the same time, opposition and even open discussion on the subject of fluoride pollution has been widely suppressed in the media. All of this has resulted in an erroneous public mindset. The best antidote is an investigation of the facts, and making this material widely available. Radio talk shows, television programming, and informative internet websites are now beginning to erode the deceptive mask constructed over decades by industry and their propagandists.

This historical review poses a challenge to the citizens of this country. Is this the Brave New World of Aldous Huxley? Has democracy become a total fiction? Tens of millions of people in this country now have mottled teeth, all caused by fluoride. The severity of dental fluorosis is increasing, as are the number affected. Are we actually being conditioned to accept this as normal and a mere “cosmetic effect”?

Recent studies have implicated fluoride in many chronic diseases, and also in more subtle impairments of the central nervous system. But current law is concerned with only one health effect: crippling skeletal fluorosis. To stop fluoridation we must first focus on enforcing existing law.

EPA is responsible for enforcing the Safe Drinking Water Act. That this Law is being subverted is incontestable. If EPA were forced to comply with the law, fluoridation of public water would clearly be illegal in America. A Congressional Investigation of the details of EPA’s violation of this Law could bury fluoridation nationally.

References

  1. Caldwell, Gladys and Philip Zanfagna, Fluoridation and Truth Decay, Top-Ecol Press, 1974

  2. Exner, F. B., Economic Motives Behind Fluoridation, Aqua Pura, Jan 1966

  3. Griffiths, Joel and Chris Bryson, Fluoride, Teeth, and The Atomic Bomb, 1997

  4. Ronsivalli, L. J., Fluoridation of Public Water Supplies, Mermakk Pub, 1998

  5. Smith, E. G., The Secret War and The Fluoride Conspiracy, Epeius Pub, Australia, 1997

  6. Valerian, V., Analytical Chronology of Fluoridation,Leading Edge International Research Group, 1997  ← HUGE RESOURCE HERE

  7. Government document summaries on fluoride, hydrogen fluoride, sodium fluoride, and fluorosilicic acid, obtained under the Freedom of Information Act.

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THE ATOMIC FIG LEAF

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Letters 1963 + Dr. Robin Warwick 2016

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We all need clean water!

 

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The doctor and the nurses didn´t believe that he could be so ill
from taking fluoride tablets until they did some test on him.  

BABY Jason Burton ffBurtons with frame mm

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……PRINTED VERSION OF THE ABOVE

My husband and I have agreed on writing this letter in the hope that it may prevent someone going through the experience we suffered in May 1973.

In July 1970 we were told by our doctor that we were going to have a baby.  In my first visit to the Hospital for a check-up in October, I was told by the Matron to start taking fluoride tablets for the benefit of the baby.  I did so until the 20th of February 1971 when our first child, Jason, was born.

When he was one year old the welfare clinic told me to start giving him 1/2 of a fluoride tablet per day.  I did so for 15 months.  When he was 27 months old he got hold of the fluoride tablets, and at the time I didn´t know how many he had eaten, but I knew it wasn´t many.

I took him to the doctor straight away and he gave our son a stomach pump treatment.  The doctor told me he could only find four tablets in his stomach.  I was told to take him home and he would sleep for a while, but he would be okay when he woke up.  This was at 2:00 P.M.

At 5:30 P.M. I realized that something was wrong, as I couldn´t wake him.  I rang the doctor and was advised to take him back to the surgery.  The doctor saw him straight away and told me to take him to the maternity hospital.  As we arrived he was still unconscious and he stopped breathing.  The doctor put him in a respirator immediately.

~———-♦———-~

Despite being prescribed for over 50 years, the FDA has
NEVER approved fluoride supplements as safe and effective.

Copy of Fluoride Death Certificate

We can post you hard copy or email one to you if you so require.

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The Medical Journal of Australia

13 October 1984

Acute Fluoride Poisoning After Ingestion of Sodium Fluoride Tablets
Paul A. Monsour, Brian I. Kruger, Andrew F.Petrie and John L. McNee

ABSTRACT: Between 1978 and 1983, at least 20 children with fluoride poisoning were admitted to two major children’s hospitals in Brisbane. [Queensland]. Data on telephone calls received by Poisons Information Centres in Australia about fluoride toxicity show that Brisbane, the water supply of which is not fluoridated, [then] received approximately twice as many calls per head of population as were received in Sydney and Melbourne. Concern is also expressed at the standard of packaging of fluoride tablets currently marketed in Australia *. A treatment plan for cases of acute fluoride poisoning after oral ingestion is presented.     (Med) Aust 1984; 141: 503-505)

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* These fluoride tablets were originally sold in a plastic container that did not have a
“Child-resistant closure” – not even a screw top – just a press fit. The tablets were mixed bright colours, they looked like sweets, and between the lid and the tablets were small deflated balloons!

We now drink this stuff with, no balloons and no warnings in our Brisbane water!

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Mother’s warning against fluoride.

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BABIES INNOCENT VICTIMS

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EXTRACT:
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The papers, books, and links below testify to the importance of zinc
for plants, animals and humans.  Illnesses, episodic violence,
hyperactivity, learning disabilities, depression, crime,
behavioural problems, reduced sexual reproduction
and alcohol intolerance, anorexia nervosa,
are associated with zinc deficiencies
in humans, and as it is a given that
fluorides are antagonists of zinc,
the hazards of fluorides in

food, air and water need
to be reduced urgently.

  Fluorides, Zinc and Anorexia Nevosa  

 RECOMMENDED 

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Physical chemical effects of zinc on in vitro enamel…

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Item 6 is of interest to andrologists!

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LEO SPIRA (#9) on the right, 3rd from the front. (See also the end of this post)

 26 January 1947 – The Belmont Hotel in Chicago.

PFPC NEWSLETTER #5 – “Spira, Fluoride and the Zinc Link”

Editors note:

We recommend this short read especially item 5 and 6.
Note Item on * Down Syndrome

2000 PFPC (Feel free to distribute)

20 May 2000

IN THIS ISSUE:

1)  INTRODUCTION

2)  LEO SPIRA

3)  WHAT IS ZINC DEFICIENCY?

4)  ADVERSE HEATH EFFECTS OF ZINC DEFICIENCY

5)  BRAIN, ZINC, BEHAVIOUR AND CHILDREN 

6)  THE ROLE OF FLUORIDE IN ZINC DEFICIENCY 

. . . -. . . .

1) INTRODUCTION

Hi Everyone,

In the past we have written about fluoride/aluminum complexes and the ability of aluminum to greatly potentiate the toxicity of fluoride, especially as it relates to G protein activation and thyroid pathology. Fluorides directly imitate the biochemical activity of thyrotropin, the thyroid-stimulating-hormone (TSH).

In this newsletter we will turn our attention to zinc and its importance in thyroid function, and the role of fluoride in inducing zinc deficiency.

It is TSH that mediates iodine, zinc and selenium (Bellisola et al, 1998; Arreola et al, 1993).

Abnormal zinc metabolism occurs commonly in thyroid disease. Zinc levels in red blood cells have become an important marker of peripheral tissue response to thyroid hormones, indicating duration of pre-existing thyroid disease (Tiran 1993). In the clinical laboratory, the main interest of zinc determination in red blood cells now concerns thyroid pathology (Vitoux et al, 1999). A hyperthyroid person will reveal highly elevated serum zinc levels, but a reduced zinc content in whole blood, while the reverse changes are observed in the hypothyroid patient. There a reduced serum zinc content is seen, with highly increased zinc content in whole blood.

Zinc is thought to be of importance to thyroid hormone synthesis in the liver. Zinc may play a role in thyroid hormone metabolism in “low T3” patients and may in part contribute to conversion of T4  to T3 in humans. In some cases supplementation with zinc normalized the T3/rT3 ratio  (Licastro et al, 1992; 1993)

However, after treatment for thyroid dysfunction, normalization of zinc in red blood cells occurs, lagging about 2 months behind normalization of plasma T4 and T3 levels (Yoshida 1996; Varga, 1994). This is a clear sign that many cases of “zinc deficiency” are NOT caused by an actual nutritional lack of zinc, but by thyroid dysfunction. The symptoms of “zinc deficiency” are identical to the ones ascribed to hypothyroidism.

Many nutritional deficiencies are not due to an actual lack of said nutrients in the diet, but due to hypothyroidism. Thyroid hormones modulate nutrient and vitamin transport. When hypothyroid, the entire blood chemistry changes. Just as is the case with calcium (May 1950), magnesium (Shibutani et al, 1989), sex hormone-binding globulin (Foldes et al, 1990), somatomed in (Marek et al, 1981), etc., so zinc urine concentrations are elevated in hyperthyroidism (Nishi et al, 1980), but decreased in hypothyroid patients (Tsou et al, 1993; Buchinger et al, 1988).

We hope that this Newsletter is not too complicated. If you do have any questions, please don’t hesitate to contact us.

Best wishes to all,

Andreas Schuld
  Parents of Fluoride Poisoned Children (PFPC)  
Vancouver, BC, Canada
↑  Much info here on salt fluoridation ↑

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2)  LEO SPIRA

In 1953 Leo Spira, MD, Ph.D. published his book “The Drama of Fluorine – Arch Enemy of Mankind.” Drawing upon his many articles which had been published in the Lancet, the British Dental Journal, and other recognized medical journals, the great British physician summarized his findings of over 30 years of pioneering research into various disease states he ultimately found to be related to fluoride intake.

One of the most frequent symptoms of early fluorosis observed by Spira were “mottled” and deformed nails which would often split or chip.

“The commonest feature, however, was the occurrence of raised longitudinal ridges on the surface of the finger and toe-nails…In addition, dull, opaque, chalky-white specks, patches or transverse bands, such as are familiar to everybody, appeared frequently on several nails…”

Further Spira wrote, “There was a frequent complaint that the hair was falling out prematurely.”

In addition Spira reported of several skin diseases and wrote, “Patients felt apprehensive and irritable and were subject to frequent attacks of depression and even melancholia with loss of energy and general lassitude”.

The symptoms Spira was describing were later referred to in other European literature as the “Spira-Syndrome” (Schoehl, 1985). It must be clear to any endocrinologist that the conditions Spira was describing in the early part of the past century are identical to those now commonly ascribed to zinc deficiency and/or hypothyroidism.

On a courtesy visit to the US, Spira had asked the PHS if they also had observed such symptoms, and was told that this was not quite the case. However, recent documents obtained show that the opposite was true. Even Dean himself had noticed such symptoms and wrote about them already in 1932:

“The hair of some of these mottled enamel cases is unusually coarse, almost like horse hair. Finger nails are apparently not normal. Two of the three local physicians state that there is apparently an unusually large account of skin disorders among those using the city water supply. Future surveys will attempt to obtain this additional dermatological data in order to determine whether it correlates with the mottled enamel.”

[from: T. Dean’s monthly report to Surgeon General Hugh S. Cumming, March 4, 1932, part of the H. Trendley Dean collection, History of Medicine Section, National Library of Medicine).]

Discussing a study at 8ppm, we find 3 to 5 blotches per nail:

“Another change noted was in the nails. From 10-20 percent of the younger individuals examined has a rather unusual type of nail structure, the most characteristic aspect being transverse white blotches often completely across the nail, usually symmetrical and on all the nails, there very frequently being from three to five of these per nail. [ See our image of nails below. ] The incidence of these finally decreased with age, the oldest patient being 57. In the control area with 139 high school students examined, none showed transverse striations.”

[Abstracts of the proceedings of the meetings of the Technical Advisory Committee on the fluoridation of water supplies with the Departmental Working Committee for the Newburgh-Kingston Demonstration; Harold C. Hodge, chairman; April 24, 1944; part of the H. Trendley Dean collection, History of Medicine Section, National Library of Medicine).]

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3)  WHAT IS ZINC DEFICIENCY?

Zinc is an essential trace mineral which was first recognized as dietary essential in 1934. Prior to 1963, zinc deficiency in human was unknown. The first deficiency was noted in Iran and Egypt (Prasad et al, 1963).  Today, it is recognized that a nutritional shortage of zinc is common throughout the world.  AUSTRALIA – A marginal deficiency of zinc appears to be prevalent in many segments of populations in developed countries, and more severe deficiencies are widespread in many parts of the world. Iron and zinc deficiencies, often occurring simultaneously for reasons which will be described elsewhere, are considered the leading world health dietary mineral problems.
[Zinc deficiencies are very common in Australian Soils]

Zinc plays a vital role in biochemical function as it is the essential component of the active site of a multitude of enzymes. Thirty years ago, only three enzymes that required zinc for their activities were identified; today more than 300 such enzymes have been classified (Prasad, 1996).

In 1974, the Food and Nutrition Board of the National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences decided to establish a recommended dietary allowance for zinc as an essential element for humans.  It is only in the last 10 to 20 years that extensive research into zinc has taken place. Alone between 1990 and 1998 over 3600 studies on zinc were added by the National Library of Medicine.

The discovery of zinc “finger proteins” within the past two decades has further led to vastly improved understanding of how cells replicate and divide.  Zinc is required for each step of cell cycle in microorganisms and is essential for DNA synthesis (Prasad, 1989). Considering that nuclear receptors for the steroid/thyroid superfamily (which are all G-protein-coupled) are also all zinc finger proteins, it is not surprising that zinc deficiency impairs the metabolism of thyroid hormones, and rogens, and  growth hormones. Recent research also indicates that zinc finger proteins are required for binding of G proteins and GTP hydrolysis (Vitaleet al, 1998).

Zinc is probably involved in more body functions than any other trace mineral.

Zinc is also involved in blood pH regulation.

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 4)  ADVERSE HEATH EFFECTS OF ZINC DEFICIENCY:

Zinc deficiency affects function of the testes, liver and muscles, and affects the structure of bones, teeth, hair and skin. Deficiency of zinc is associated with short stature, anaemia, increased pigmentation of skin (hyperpigmentation) -> Spira’s “mottled skin”, enlarged liver and spleen (hepatosplenomegaly), impaired gonadal function (hypogonadism), impaired wound healing, and immune deficiency, and cancer.

In animals, studies on reproduction have shown a significant reduction in the number of alive newborns in a group of rats submitted to severe zinc deficiency, confirming that zinc is a very important trace element overall during pregnancy (Sole et al, 1995). In rhesus monkeys, marginal zinc deficiency during gestation and during the 1st yr of life was found to be associated with significantly delayed skeletal maturation and defective mineralization (!). This abnormality of bone mineralization suggests that zinc plays an important role in endochondral bone formation (Leek et al, 1984).

In rats, growth rate, DNA level, RNA level, organ/serum zinc contents and alkaline phosphatase activities are markedly affected by zinc deficiency. Zinc deficiency significantly reduced growth rate by up to 60% in rats. (Okegbile et al, 1998; Ninh et al, 1998)

Of potentially extreme importance to humanity are the findings in test animals that zinc deficiency induced a chronic immunosuppression that persisted through the third generation of their offspring (Beach et al, 1982). (Of course similar effects lasting several generations have also been documented in fluoride-related literature.) Needless to say, if this also holds true for zinc-deprived humans, humanity certainly faces a grim future filled with disease.

Humans:

Suboptimal zinc status can seriously impair human health, performance, reproductive functions, and mental and physical development (Roth and Kirchgessner, 1999). Zinc deficiency affects testicular functions adversely in man and animals. Zinc is essential for spermatogenesis. (Prasad, 1989)

Growth retardation, male hypogonadism, skin changes, poor appetite, mental lethargy and delayed wound healing are some of the manifestations of chronically zinc-deficient human subjects. In others, dermatological manifestations, diarrhea, hair loss, mental disturbances and intercurrent infections predominate. (Prasad, 1989). Several studies have shown that zinc deficiency is common in older people (Abbasi and Shetty, 1999)

Low levels of zinc are associated with advanced gastrointestinal cancer (Jia, 1991) – as is selenium, and lung cancer (Piccinini et al, 1996). A study testing zinc and copper levels in erythrocytes, plasma, and whole blood in 35 various cancer patients, comparing to 24 normal individuals, found a decrease in zinc in all three blood constituents of the cancer patients (Aldor et al, 1982).

Depending on the country, 5-30% of children suffer from moderate zinc deficiency, responsible for small-for-age height (Favier et al, 1992).

*Down Syndrome

As reported in PFPC NEWSLETTER #2, the number of excess Down Syndrome births due to water fluoridation is estimated to be several thousand cases annually throughout the world. All patients with with Down Syndrome have higher TSH levels (Licastro et al, 1992;1993), so it is obvious that the disease would occur more frequently in areas where a direct TSH mimick is in the public water supplies. In Down Syndrome, hypothyroidism is the most common endocrinological deficit (Bucci et al, 1999).  A close correlation was found between changes in plasma levels of zinc and changes in TSH in patients with chronic renal failure (Arreola et al, 1993).

In a study on children with Down Syndrome, ALL children had lower zinc levels than controls (Toledo et al, 1997).  Zinc supplementation was successful in DS and restored the T3/rT3 ratio to normal in several trials. (Licastro et al, 1992;1993), further showing evidence that zinc is essential for T4 to T3 synthesis in peripheral tissue.

5)  BRAIN, ZINC, BEHAVIOUR AND CHILDREN:

Despite the widespread incidence of childhood zinc deficiency and strong evidence that zinc deprivation during periods of rapid growth affect brain development and behavior in animals, there is little research on the behavioral effects of zinc deficiency in children or adults. (Penland, 2000)

A new study on rats, published in the March 2000 issue of Brain Research, shows that a proper zinc supply to the brain is necessary for improvement and maintenance of learning ability. Synaptosomal zinc in the hippocampal formation and cerebral cortex was significantly decreased by 12 weeks of zinc deprivation. The results suggested that the decrease of vesicular zinc in the hippocampal formation and cerebral cortex is involved in the transient learning impairment of adults rats (Takeda et al, 2000).

Zinc levels in brain influence other brain metal content. One study investigated the effect of severe zinc deficiency on the distribution of nine elements in brain regions. Zinc deficiency caused an elevation in copper concentrations in most brain parts. Levels of calcium, manganese, sodium and potassium, in certain brain regions, also appeared to be altered by the zinc status of an animal. The levels of other metals were dependent on zinc nutriture. The data suggest the hypothesis that changes in brain metal content, associated with zinc deficiency, contribute to the behavioral abnormalities that occur. (Wallwork et al, 1983)

In rats fed green tea and black tea (extremely high in both F- and Al), zinc contents in the cerebrum were gradually decreased with the increase of tea leaves dose and tea concentration. While cerebrum calcium concentrations were also significantly reduced, aluminum levels increased (Zeyan et al, 1998).

In plasma, zinc and copper are in a direct oppositional relationship. Clinical observations and research have indicated that the copper/zinc ratio appears to be more decisively important than either of the individual metals alone. Zinc deficiency results in elevated blood levels of copper, due to the dynamic competition of these metals in the body. Elevated blood copper and decreased zinc levels have been associated with episodic violence, hyperactivity, learning disabilities, and depression in humans.

The high incidence of zinc deficiency in assaultive young males was illustrated in a recent study which found elevated serum copper and depressed plasma zinc concentration, compared to normal controls.
This study confirmed earlier clinical observations of zinc depletion in more than 4,000 behavior disordered patients (Walsh, 2000).

Dietary zinc deficiency also decreases plasma concentrations of vitamin E (Bunk et al, 1989).

Studies on depression showed significantly lower zinc levels in major depressed patients than in normal volunteers and it was suggested that lower serum zinc in depression may be due to interference in the liver (Maes et al, 1999).

6)  THE ROLE OF FLUORIDE IN ZINC DEFICIENCY

Fluorides cause “zinc deficiency”. Both organic and inorganic fluoride compounds have shown to inhibit zinc containing enzymes, such as carbonic anhydrase (Dugad et al 1988,1989; Gelb et al, 1985) which is also now used as a marker for thyroid dysfunction (Hori et al, 1998). [Note: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors reduce cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production!]

Zinc depletion follows experimental fluorosis in mice (Kanwar and Singh,1981). In the liver a significant fall in the levels of zinc was registered. Effects were directly dose-dependent, just as is the case with fluoride-induced iodine deficiency. The liver is the major organ for thyroid hormone synthesis. Only 20% of T3, the biologically active thyroid hormone is manufactured in the thyroid itself.  The rest occurs in peripheral tissue, mainly the liver.

In rats fed pure spring water (natural FØ concentration = 0.2 ppm) or spring water enriched with NaF to result in 0.8, 1.1 or 2.2 ppm FØ during180 days, zinc ions were depleted in most tissues (Boeckhhaebisch & Oliveira, 1997).

→ → → Other work has also shown that a fluoride intake in rodents comparable to the total intake by man in fluoridated areas, leads to zinc deficiency in the testis, liver and kidneys (Krasowska, 1992, 1996).

Zinc protection from fluoride-induced testicular injury
Alicja Krasowska Institute of Biology,
University of Białystok, Poland  

 http://www.researchgate.net/publication/8601023_Zinc_protection_from_fluoride-induced_testicular_injury_in_the_bank_vole_(Clethrionomys_glareolus)

 

Li et al (1994) showed that excessive fluoride intake since early childhood reduced mental work capacity and that the effect on zinc metabolism was a mechanism of influence by excessive fluoride intake,  echoing earlier reports by Shen et al (1992).

Hlynczak et al (1980) also found significant alterations in workers exposed to fluorine compounds.

*Mottled teeth anyone?

Zinc deficiency causes mottled teeth in rats (Teraki  and Ishiyama, 1990).

Zinc and fluoride were water quality variables associated with mottling in a study investigating the prevalence of dental mottling in school-aged lifetime residents of 16 Texas communities (Butler et al, 1985). Platelets from zinc-deficient rats take up significantly less external calcium. Low zinc status in rats impairs calcium uptake and aggregation of platelets  stimulated by fluoride. (Emery & O’Dell, 1991; 1993)

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MORE INFO:

During a conference held in 1996 on zinc and child health Dr. M.K. Bhan of the All India Institute for Medical Sciences in New Delhi found that low plasma zinc levels were associated with an increase in infectious disease morbidity in children. Robert Black of Johns Hopkins summarized studies suggesting that zinc can prevent diarrhoea, acute lower respiratory infections and pneumonia.  Keith West of Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health showed that zinc deficiency may limit the impact of vitamin A intake on resistance to infection, child growth, and visual dark adaptation. The relationship between HIV progression and zinc deficiency was discussed by Andrea Ruff of Johns Hopkins, who found that progressors to AIDS had lower zinc levels than either non-progressors or HIV-negative individuals.

Fluoride kills.

Conference Report: Zinc for child health

http://165.158.1.110/english/hpp/hpn04-01.htm#conference

3619 Citations from between 1990 and 1998 at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/cbm/zinc.html

For complete list of references, please send message to pfpc@istar.ca and put REFS#5 in subject box.

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~ MORE INFO ON ZINC ~

The recommended daily requirement for zinc is
9-11mg for young people 14-18 years; and 8-11mg for adults 19 years and older.

Males require more zinc than females.
Pregnant or lactating females also show higher requirements (12-13mg/day).
Vitamin B6 improves zinc absorption.
Foods rich in zinc are seafood, meat and wheat germ. 

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~ In Australia ~
More than one in three males (37%)
and one in ten females (9%) have inadequate zinc intakes.

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The-Jornal-Of-NutritianZinc Status in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection1,3

… Adequate zinc status is essential for T-cell division,
maturation and differentiation; lymphocyte response
to mitogens; programmed cell death of lymphoid
and myeloid origins; gene transcription;
and biomembrane function…
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Recommended by us

  HERE  

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Full text here ↓ ↓ ↓

FLUORIDE AND THE ZINC LINK — Leo Spira

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 See also: ‘The Drama Of Fluoride by Leo Spira’

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More ↓

Fluorine-induced endocrine disturbances in mental illness.

ZINC FOUND TO STARVE BACTERIA:

Courier Mail (Brisbane) page 15 – 12 Nov 2013

Zinc stops the streptococcus pneumonia bacteria ( pneumonia )
from taking up manganese, an essential
metal it needs to cause disease … 

“Zinc is the second most abundant trace element in the human body.  
It is an essential mineral of exceptional biologic and public health importance.
Nearly 10 percent of the proteins encoded in the human genome require zinc for
their proper structure and function, including over 300 enzymes.

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Signs of Zinc deficiency?
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Ecology of Australia: the effects of nutrient-poor soils and intense fires.

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We all need clean water!

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Contrary to what has been said by promoters of artificial fluoridation
of public water supplies, Judge Flaherty’s jurisdiction to make
and enter his findings on 16th November 1978
was expressly sustained and upheld…

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Judge John P. Flaherty, [on right ]

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     Over the course of five months, the court held periodic hearings, which consisted of extensive expert testimony from as far away as England. At issue was the most recent time-trend study of Dr. Burk and Dr. Yiamouyiannis, which compared cancer mortality in ten cities which fluoridated their water systems with ten cities which did not fluoridate over a period of twenty-eight years from 1940 to 1968. The study concluded that there was a significant increase in cancer mortality in the fluoridated cities.

Contrary to what has been said by promoters of artificial fluoridation of public water supplies, Judge Flaherty’s jurisdiction to make and enter his findings on November 16, 1978 was expressly sustained and upheld as appears in Aitkenhead v. West View, 397 Atl. 2d 878 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1979).
Nor were his findings ever disturbed on appeal.

In 1988, Justice Flaherty re-affirmed his convictions that fluoridation is a very dangerous practice.

In a letter dated January 26, 1988 to Ms. Evelyn Hannan, he stated:

“It has been years now since the case involving fluoridation was before me as a trial judge,
but since that time nothing I have seen changes my view of the serious hazards occasioned
by public fluoridation.  To the contrary, what I have read convinces me all the more that
in-depth, serious, scientific effort should be undertaken before further expanding a
questionable practice. Those who belittle critics of fluoridation do the public a mis-service,
yet it seems in the face of strong, uncontradicted prima facie evidence,
that is the tactic most often employed.

Whether government has the right to force what it perceives as a benefit to the public was not directly before me in the case, but that also is to be pondered.

My hope is that groups such as yours will spur the scientific community into an objective posture on this issue.

I enclose an essay which was sent to me a few years ago focusing on the issue presented by analyzing epidemiological law data. Perhaps resolution of this narrow question will provide the answer.

More recently, some people have pointed out that Judge Flaherty’s decision was overturned on appeal and they assumed that therefore fluoridation wasn’t really proved to be harmful. Now a member of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court, Justice Flaherty clarified that his decision to end fluoridation was overturned only on the grounds that his court did not have jurisdiction to decide the issue.


 [ Does this infer that fluoridation is beyond the law?
 If this trial had been held in Scotland the results would have been different! ]

♦ John P. Flaherty, Jr. (Born 19 November 1931)was a Justice of the
   Supreme Court of Pennsylvania from 1978 to 2001 and
Chief Justice of the Court from 1996 to 2001.
  He retired at the end of 2001.

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❝   It is not the function of our Government
to keep the citizen from falling into error,
It is the function of the citizen to keep the
Government from falling into error.  

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R.H.Jackson

Robert Houghwout Jackson

Chief Judge at the War-Crimes Tribunal in Nuremberg

NurembergWar Crimes Trial

20th November 1945.  to 1st October 1946.

The Doctors Trial considered the fate of twenty-three German physicians

who either participated in the Nazi program to euthanize persons

deemed “unworthy of life” (the mentally ill, mentally retarded,

or physically disabled) or who conducted experiments on

concentration camp prisoners Without Their Consent.

The Doctors Trial lasted 140 days.
Eighty-five witnesses testified and almost
1,500 documents were introduced.
Sixteen of the doctors charged
were found guilty, severn
were executed.

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‘Yamashita Standard’

SUPPRESSION OF CIVIL RIGHTS IN

AUSTRALIA – REGARDING FLUORIDATION

   VICTORIA

In November 1994 the Victorian Parliament passed an amendment to the Fluoridation Act by changing the Constitution to stop the Supreme Court from hearing cases agains Fluoridation. If you are poisoned by fluoride in Victoria tough luck, there is no protection under law. –

   TASMANIA

The Tasmanian Government in 1995 passed a Bill through the Lower House to prohibit the holding of meetings on the subject of Flouridation anywhere at all in Tasmania. Called the Consequential Amendments Bill it was later withdrawn but is being re-worded. Outside of Tasmania, no outcry, no boycotts, why?

   NEW SOUTH WALES

A draconian law was enacted in NSW in 1989. Because of this law, a Council cannot cease Fluoridation of its own water supply, after requests by public demand, unless it gets permission from the Health Department. And there is little chance of that.

Australia is a signatory to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966). This U.N. law states that ‘no one shall be subjected without his consent to medical or scientific experimentation.’ The Health Dept. cannot produce one double blind scientific study which proves absolutely the safety and efficacy of fluoridation. It seems we are all experimental subjects.

If fluoridation is so safe and effective, why all this repressive legislation ?

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FLUORIDE THE NEXT ASBESTOS ?

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AFFIDAVIT OF GERARD F. JUDD, Ph.D.

IN SUPPORT OF MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT

State of Arizona, County of Maricopa

STATE OF WISCONSIN CIRCUIT COURT FOND

DU LAC COUNTY
SAFE WATER ASSOCIATION,

INC., Plaintiff,
 vs. 
CITY OF FOND DU LAC, Defendant. Case No. 92 CV 579

Full Original Text → HERE

Gerard F. Judd, Ph.D., being first duly sworn on oath and with personal knowledge of the information contained herein, respectfully states to the Court as follows:

BACKGROUND

1.) I have been a professor of Chemistry at Phoenix College, Phoenix Arizona, since 1965.

2.) I received my B.A. in chemistry from the University of Utah in 1943.

I received my M.S. from the University of Portland in 1948. I received my Ph.D. in physical and organic chemistry from Purdue University in 1953. I did Postdoctoral research at Purdue University, on fluorinated organometallic reactions in 1954.

3.) A few of my more recent research, academic and service honors include:

a. Elected to Emeritus Member of American Chemical Society, 11/92.

b. “20 Year Outstanding Teaching Award and Pin” from Maricopa County Community College District, Dr. Paul A. Elsner, Chancellor, 2/92.

c. Reviewed two fundamental chemistry textbooks for publishers, 5/91.

d. Received “Speaker’s Gold Plated Champion’s Award for Research, Communication and Education,” regarding better teeth, health and government. Arizona Breakfast Club, Harry E. Everingham, President, 11/24/90.

e. “Faculty Appreciation Gift for Outstanding Contributions to Teaching,” Maricopa County Community College District, Phoenix, Arizona, Dr. Paul A. Elsner, Chancellor, 3/4/85.

4.) I have devoted thousands of hours during my career to studying the chemistry of fluoride. In addition, in preparing this affidavit, I have specifically researched and summarized the following professional and technical literature on the epidemiological effects of fluoride:

a.  Journal of Fluoride, August 1992 – January 1983.

b.  Chemical Abstracts, August 1992 – January 1989.

c.  Index Medicus, May, June and July 1992.

d.  Fluoridation The Great Dilemma, a 421-page book by George L. Waldbott, M.D. in collaboration with Albert W. Burgstahler, Ph.D. and H. Lewis McKinney, Ph.D.

e.  A Struggle With Titans, Forces Behind Fluoridation, a 383-page book by George L. Waldbott, M.D. (a scientist’s look at fluoridation).

f.  Fluoridation, the Aging Factor, a 203-page book by John Yiamouyannis, Ph.D. in Biochemistry, and world-leading authority on the biological effects of fluoride.

g.  Fluoride, The Freedom Fight, a 207-page book by Dr. Hans Moolenburgh, M.D. (The Netherlands).

h.  Fluoridation, a 264-page book by Isabel Jansen, R.N.

i.  The Fluoride Question, Panacea or Poison?, a 176-page book by Anne-Lise Gotzsche, medical journalist (England).

J.  Hello, Test Animals… Chinchillas or You and Your Grandchildren, a 180-page book by W. R. Cox, chinchilla breeder and researcher.

k.  The Grim Truth About Fluoridation, a 128-page book by Robert M. Buck, journalist.

l.  Fluoridation, Poison on Tap, a 460-page book by Glen S. R. Walker, consultant in strategic metals, munitions, and chemical industry, registered by the National Association of Testing Authorities in Australia.

m.  Fluoride in Australia, a Case to Answer, a 159-page book by Wendy Varney, journalist.

5.) During the past two years I have personally discussed the effects of artificial fluoridation of drinking water with many individuals possessing outstanding background on the subject of fluoridation, including the following:

a.  Dr. Albert Burgstahler, Ph.D., University of Kansas;

b.  Dr. Mel Ruber, Ph.D., Columbia, Maryland;

c.  Dr. Robert Carton, Ph.D., former head of EPA Employees Union, Environmental Protection Agency,   Washington, D.C.;

d.  Dr. William Marcus, Ph.D., epidemiologist, Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.;

e.  Dr. William Foulkes, M.D., Vancouver, Washington, former head of Ministry of Health in British Columbia;

f.  Dr. John Colquhoun, Ph.D., Titi Rangi, New Zealand;

g.  Dr. Albert Schatz, Ph.D., chemistry researcher, retired, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;

h. Dr. Cornelius Steelink, Ph.D., Chemistry Professor, University of Arizona;

i.  Dr. John Yiamouyiannis, Ph.D., Delaware, Ohio;

j.  Dr. John R. Lee, M.D., Sebastopol, California. EVIDENCE AGAINST THE SAFETY OF FLUORIDATION

6.) My research, communication and discovery concerning the epidemiological effects of fluoridation has provided me with solid scientific evidence on which to base the following conclusions.

7.) Fluoride has never been established as, and is not, essential in nutrition for soft tissues, bones or teeth.

8.) There are no experiments or data which establish that fluoride in any form or in any concentration is harmless when put into drinking water for human consumption or usage.

9.) Fluoride at low levels has been shown to unsnap hydrogen bonds in the enzyme cytochrome oxidase, and thus ruin its ability to handle oxygen in humans, animals or plants. (Exhibit).

10.) It is well-established in academic and industrial chemical industry that the hydrogen-fluoride hydrogen bond is stronger than the hydrogen-nitrogen or hydrogen-oxygen hydrogen bonds characteristic of human enzymes. Therefore, human enzyme systems (thousands of enzymes) are subject to destruction when water containing fluoride is consumed. After a few weeks for some, and a lifetime for others, a large enough reservoir of fluoride is built up to cause serious ailments.

11.) At least 63 human, animal and plant enzymes are for the most part destroyed or modified by fluoride.

12.) A summary of important epidemiological effects of fluoride from Chemical Abstracts, 1992-1989 (53 pages); Journal of Fluoride, August 1992-January 1993 (42 pages); and Index Medicus, May, June and July 1992 (3 pages) failed to produce even one article proving fluoride to be harmless.

13.) Contrariwise, hundreds of experiments on test animals, humans, plants, and their cells, have invariably demonstrated harmful effects.

14.) A large number of epidemiological effects in the way of ailments and allergies caused by fluoride have been clinically established by competent authorities, including those below.

15.) Forty-nine or more serious allergenic conditions were established by George Waldbott, M.D. These were proven by removing patients from drinking water with fluoride in it, in which case they were cured. This was followed up with single- or double-blind tests with fluoride tablets.

16.) Eight of Dr. Waldbott’s side effects were confirmed through double-blind tests organized by Dr. H. Moolenburgh, with 12 other physicians, one pharmacist, and one attorney. (Exhibit). Only one of these side effects presented in court was sufficient to cause the Holland Ministry of Health to discontinue fluoridation of water in that country. These side effects are listed in Waldbott’s book, pp. 123-125.

17.) Genetic changes in bone cells and sperm cells of mice were thoroughly studied, re-studied and established by Dr. Albert Taylor.

This work has been confirmed by numerous other researchers.

18.) Fluoride as a factor in cataracts has been established by statistical studies of Dr. Ionel F. Rapaport and confirmed by the research of Dr. Burgstahler. This has also been confirmed by analysis of cataracted and un-cataracted eye lenses. The older the person, the more the fluoride in the lens. (Exhibit).

19.) SIDS (crib or cot death) has been related to fluoride poisoning by Dr. J. Colquhoun (exhibit), Dr. Bruce Spittle, and others.

20.) Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), and chronic fluoride toxicity (CFT) have been found to be very closely related in their symptoms (Exhibit).

21.) RSI (repetitive stress injury, or carpal tunnel syndrome) has been linked to the accumulation of fluoride in the bone by Dr. Geoffrey E. Smith. Additional work supporting this link was found by Dr. Sutton. (Exhibit).

22.) Dental fluorosis has been shown recently to occur at fluoride levels as low as .3 ppm, as opposed to earlier studies of Dr. H. Trendly Dean, who set 1.0 as a tolerable limit, allowing 24 percent fluorosis. The degree of fluorosis depends on the nutritional status of the person.

23.) Dr. Waldbott had over 400 cases of pre-skeletal bone fluorosis in patients, which he established was caused by their drinking fluoridated water. (Exhibit) This has been further confirmed by many other studies. The degree of bone fluorosis is strictly related to bone fluoride content.

24.) Embrittled bones are caused by drinking fluoridated water, as well as by administration of tablets to “harden bones.” (Riggs study, Exhibit; Utah study, Exhibit; Jacobson’s study, Exhibit; Cooper’s study, Exhibit; and Sower’s study, Exhibit.

25.) Increased infant mortality and birth defects (two to three times increase) was established by Dr. Albert Schatz to be present in Chilean children administered fluoridated water in an experimental study in Curico, Chili, with San Fernando and La Serena as a control towns. (Exhibit). Dr. Schatz found fluoridation did no good for teeth, and caused enormous increase in miscarriages. The malformations and infant mortality dropped dramatically upon cessation of the fluoridation. Similar malformations and infant mortalities are now occurring in U.S.

26.) C. R. Cox, working with the University of Oregon, found that 17 ppm fluoride in feed caused constipation, great mature and baby chinchilla death, small litters and over four generations a smaller, inferior rabbit.

27.) Down’s Syndrome was established to be linked to consumption of fluoride through statistical studies and re-studies by Dr. Ionel F. Rapaport, M.D. and Waldbott, Fluoridation the Great Dilemma, pp. 212-219. Dr. Rapaport also found that 70% of Down’s Syndrome babies were born with cataracted eyes.

28.) Genu valgum (knock knees) has been reported as having been caused by fluoride in drinking water..

29.) Gilbert’s Disease (hemorrhagic yellow jaundice) has been cured by taking the patient off fluoridated drinking water. (Exhibit).

30.) Collagen synthesis has been shown to be impeded by fluoride by the work of B. Uslu, Andola School of Medicine, Eskisehir, Turkey.

31.) Immunosuppression, according to Sutton and Gibson, may be caused by consumption of fluoride. (See Exhibits).

32.) Decreased immunodiffusion has been established as due to fluoride ion, making it a negative chemitaxic agent (this means it impedes the “taxiing” or motion effect). (Exhibit).

33.) Between 1953 and 1968, there were approximately 572,810 (44,062 per year average) more deaths due to all types of cancer in 10 major fluoridated cities compared to non-fluoridated cities. Sex, race and age changes in these populations were insignificant during this period, so that nothing else could be established as causal. (Exhibit).

34.) In Antigo, Wisconsin, heart attacks were shown to dramatically increase both in the general population and the people under 65 and over 65 when fluoridation was instituted and continued over 35 years.

35.) A tremendous increase in caiman (alligator) deaths was experienced once Kansas City, Kansas water was fluoridated at the Parrot Hill farms under the care of Patricia Jacobs, naturalist. EVIDENCE AGAINST THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FLUORIDATION

36.) In contrast to the claims of the Human Health Services and the American Dental Association that fluoride reduces DMF (decayed, missing, filled teeth) 65 percent, it has now been established through a very large number of reliable studies that fluoride may actually cause a slight amount of DMF. (A large amount of DMF is actually related to nutrition.)

37.) Dr. Yiamouyiannis found that of 39,200 students, ages 5-19, from 89 fluoridated and non-fluoridated areas, the teeth of those living in non-fluoridated areas had slightly less DMF. (Exhibit).

38.) A survey of 1,500 fifth grade students in Missouri gave slightly lower DMF for those who lived in a non-fluoridated area. This was also true in a survey of 1500 6th graders.(Exhibit).

39.) A study of school children in Tucson, Arizona by Dr. Cornelius Steelink (Chemistry Department, University of Arizona), established that there was an increase in DMF with an increase in fluoride in the water. (Exhibit).

40.) A thorough study of the entire population of Japan (included 20,000 school children, 1972) established that when the fluoride in the drinking water was above .4 ppm there was more decay. (Exhibit).

41.) A study of Auckland, New Zealand, found that DMF decreases depended heavily on dental education in the schools and the salary of people from various areas, and insignificantly on the amount of fluoride in the water. (Exhibit).

42.) In Garis, Africa a high proportion of 14 to 15-year-olds had first permanent molars which were extensively carious or missing despite 1.06 ppm fluoride in drinking water. High sugar intake was a possible factor.

43.) Earlier “studies” justifying fluoridation of drinking water have been unmasked and debunked by competent authorities (Dr. Waldbott, Dr. Colquhoun, Dr. Foulkes, Dr. Mark Diesendorf, Dr. Sutton, Dr. Exner and Dr. Rudolf Ziegelbecker) on the basis of neglecting variables, cheating and group selection, not completing the studies, etc. (Exhibits).

44.) As one example, phosphate, calcium and strontium were not accounted for in the Newburgh-Kingston study, or any other study, to the best of my knowledge. Dr. Waldbott established that the Kingston water had deficiencies of these elements.

CONCLUSION

 My research has made it clear that the American Dental Association and U. S. Human Health Services have made a wrong turn in their attempt to improve the teeth of the American public.

 Fluoride in drinking water should be limited to .1 ppm where possible, since reverse osmosis can easily reduce fluoride below this value.

 It is my best judgment, reached with a high degree of scientific certainty, that fluoridation is invalid in theory and ineffective in practice as a preventive of dental caries. It is also dangerous to the health of consumers.

 I make this Affidavit in support of the Plaintiff’s Motion for Summary Judgment.

Dated this _____ day of ________, 1993. ____________________

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Brian Martin

SCIENCE POLICY: DISSENT AND ITS DIFFICULTIES
Published in Philosophy and Social Action,
Vol. 12, No. 1, January-March 1986, pp. 5-23
pdf of published article
 by Brian Martin

http://www.bmartin.cc/pubs/86psa.html

See also → HERE

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See Our Letters to Anna Bligh  HERE

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Queensland Criminal Code – 1899 – SECT 87 

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 Israel bans fluoride — is it our turn yet?

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Nullam dictum felis eu pede mollis pretium. Integer tincidunt. Cras dapibus. Vivamus elementum semper nisi. Aenean vulputate eleifend tellus. Aenean leo ligula, porttitor eu, consequat vitae, eleifend ac, enim. Aliquam lorem ante, dapibus in, viverra quis, feugiat a, tellus.

 

Read more

 

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Australian native animals are somewhat F. tolerant. 1080 (Sodium fluoroacetate) is used to kill dingos (dogs) (not strictly native to Australia). Mammalian animals including humans suffering with severe fluorosis, yield milk with a VERY low levels of fluoride. Nature protects her young!

See The Fifty + Links Below 

– Alligators – Koalas (a) Koalas (b) 

Ants,  |  Fish|  Australian Lung Fish,  |  Caddis Fly,

Caimans,  |  Camels,  |  Cattle,   |   Chinchillas,  |  Daphnia,

  Deer,   |  Dogs ,  |  Ducks|   Elephants (1), |  Elephants (2) ,

Fresh Water Fish«♦» |  Frogs (1),  |  Frogs (2),  |  Frogs (3),  |  Geese, |

Goats, | Guinea pigs ♦ see  below,  |   Horses,  | Race Horses 

Honey Bees,  |  KangaroosLizards,  |  Sheep,  |  Starling control, |

 Silver Foxes, |  Snails (1), Snails (2),  |  Rats (1),  |  Rats (2),  |

 Rats (3) Research-1934|Tadpoles (1), | Tadpoles Chinese research (2)

Tadpoles/frogs (3),  |  Zebrafish,  |  Pigs,  Dromedary camels

  RACEHORSES (DEATHS)  More on F. & Horses ←

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Fluoride associated with fetal malformation in the 1940s.

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Zebrafish and Fluoride

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  HERE  

End line

…Fluoride pollution in the aquatic ecosystems is mainly due to industrial activities (such as mining and processing of phosphorus rock and the manufacturing of aluminum) and agricultural activities (the applications of fluoride-containing fertilizers and pesticides) Fluoride levels in surface waters of rivers and lakes generally range from 0.01 mg/L to 0.3 mg/L, whereas fluoride-containing industrial wastewater was shown to contain fluoride at 96.8 mg/L [4], and in extreme cases, may have levels as high as 3000 mg/L to 5000 mg/L [5]. …

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See also: THE DISAPPEARING SPARROW & FLUORIDES

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Cesium Contamination- Bluefin tuna-Fukushima  

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Fluoride & 1080 – Sodium fluoroacetate ← Your pet dog

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Industrial Fluoride Pollution YouTube    (Cattle)

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«♦»  The toxicological experiments have shown that RAINBOW TROUT
Oncorhynchis mykiss is the most sensitive species to fluoride.

This is very comprehensive  –  ↓ ↓ ↓ –  but disturbing !

Insects, birds, animals, humans and insecticides

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EFFECTS OF ATMOSPHERIC FLUORIDE POLLUTION ON LIZARDS – E. AUST.

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Extract: ‘The Complete Dinosaur’ + info from China

 Yes they suffered from fluorosis!

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FRESHWATER INVERTEBRATES AND FISHES

     ❝…Aquatic organisms living in soft waters may be more adversely affected by fluoride pollution than those living in hard or seawaters because the bioavailability of fluoride ions is reduced with increasing water hardness. Fluoride can either inhibit or enhance the population growth of algae, depending upon fluoride concentration, exposure time and algal species. Aquatic plants seem to be effective in removing fluoride from contaminated water under laboratory and field conditions. In aquatic animals, fluoride tends to be accumulated in the exoskeleton of invertebrates and in the bone tissue of fishes.

The toxic action of fluoride resides in the fact that fluoride ions act as enzymatic poisons, inhibiting enzyme activity and, ultimately, interrupting metabolic processes such as glycolysis and synthesis of proteins.

Fluoride toxicity to aquatic invertebrates and fishes increases with increasing fluoride concentration, exposure time and water temperature, and decreases with increasing intraspecific body size and water content of calcium and chloride. Freshwater invertebrates and fishes, especially net-spinning caddis fly larvae and upstream-migrating adult salmons, appear to be more sensitive to fluoride toxicity than estuarine and marine animals. Because, in soft waters with low ionic content, a fluoride concentration as low as 0.5 mg F-/l can adversely affect invertebrates and fishes, safe levels below this fluoride concentration are recommended in order to protect freshwater animals from fluoride pollution…❞

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Fluoridation MAY have implications for the Australian Lungfish Neoceratodus forsteri,
a protected species, which inhabit
the Wivenhoe Dam, if recycled water is returned to this dam.

We do NOT have Greywater in Queensland only Blackwater.

This is the reason why recycled water is a dangerous absurdity.

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Is any of this  toxic to coral ?

We think so !

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Recycling sewage water with all of the above + mad cows disease must not to be considered – EVER.

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Foods that contain Fluoride

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ANADROMOUS SALMON

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Professor Paul Engelking says fish and fluoride don’t mix

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…But technically speaking, the tadpoles didn’t die of “mercury poisoning” or “cadmium poisoning,” or “hydrofluoric acid” poisoning. They died because the chemicals ‘wrecked’ their immune systems leaving the tadpoles  vulnerable to all the germs and parasites in their environment…

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Fluoride Vol.27 No.4 220-226 1994 http://sonic.net/kryptox/environ/salmon.htm 

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 http://www.sonomacountygazette.com/cms/pages/sonoma-county-news-article-2262.html

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  Effects of Sodium Fluoride on Carp and Rainbow Trout by K.S. Pillai and

Fluorides MAY explain some of the fingerling problems with Australian Bass (Macquaria novemaculeata) Fluoride can either inhibit or enhance the population growth of algae, depending upon the fluoride concentration…
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British Patent GB 8236; filed 18th April 1896: ‘Fluorine  compounds for the purpose of destroying insects.’

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HONEY BEES

Honey bee

     Colony Collapse Disorder:

   ↓   The Bee Holocaust   ↓    

www.forbiddenknowledgetv.com/page/5852.html  (BBC 4)

NO MYSTERY HERE ! IN 2009, CHINA BANNED FIPRONIL PRODUCTS CITING TOXICITY TO BEES

Fipronil (Manufactured by Bayer) is highly toxic for bees *, crustaceans, insects and zooplankton, as well termites, rabbits, the fringe-toed lizard  and certain groups of gallinaceous birds. It appears to reduce the longevity and fecundity of female braconid parasitoids.

 Fipronil -Fluocyanobenpyrazole, C12H4Cl2F6N4OS,  is a slow-acting FLUORIDE BASED POISON. It is a broad spectrum insecticide that disrupts the insect central nervous system by blocking the passage of chloride ions through the GABA receptor and glutamate receptor I(GluCl), components of the central nervous system. This causes hyperexcitation of contaminated insects’ nerves and muscles.

 Seeds treated with Fipronil, produce flowers toxic to the bee’s brain — They get lost going home !

see also:

  EPA THINKS A PIECE OF PAPER WILL SAVE BEES FROM PESTICIDES

 Henry Miller has been exposed as a science fraud and professional liar who shills for Monsanto.

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 Monsanto Caused 291,000 Suicides In India  

 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑

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At-a-glance: from  Mecola.com

  • Monsanto is boasting its partnership with 4-H Youth Development Organization, the country’s largest and most influential youth organization with more than 6.8 million members in 80 countries worldwide

  • According to the annual reports, 4-H is receiving funding from Monsanto, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Cargill, DuPont, United Soybean Board, Coca-Cola, and Pfizer

  • Monsanto has been hijacking society at every turn, including government institutions, colleges and universities, media agencies, and so-called representatives of “science”

  • Monsanto recently attempted to brainwash young children with a 16-page book called ““Biotechnology Basics Activity Book” full of colorful pages and cartoon characters touting the “benefits” of GMO

Strong evidence also suggests ‘Neonicotinoid Pesticides

Manufactured by Bayer, is also a major bee killer.

France will outlaw this soon.

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NON-TOXIC ALTERNATIVES for eradicating insect infestations in grains and museum objects can be oxygen depriving gases such as nitrogen or carbon dioxide, the later being used in sailing ships of old, – a lighted candle placed in the grain barrel prior to it being sealed up. No need for poison sprays, food irradiation, fluorides, or bromides etc.      – Simple safe and cheap, but not patentable!

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Fluoride In New Zealand Birds: A Review

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Pet Birds and Teflon Poisoning

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FIPRONIL IS HIGHLY TOXIC TO MANY FISH.

EuropeanCommission

Fipronil – (Contains Fluoride. ) It is used in Australia to spray locusts.

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Animal Justice Party 

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TERMIDOR

‘Termidor’ (Fipronil) is also used against termites.

Fipronil is broad spectrum insecticide that disrupts the insect central nervous system  by causing hyper excitation of nerves and muscles. Fipronil is a slow acting poison.  When mixed with a bait, it allows the poisoned insect time to return to the colony and kill other insects in the same nesting site.

Fipronil is highly toxic for crustaceansinsects (including bees and termites)
and zooplankton, as well as rabbits, the fringe-toed lizard,
and certain groups of gallinaceous birds.

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FLUPYRADIFURONE-Yet Another Bee Killer

THE NEW ‘F’ WORD

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Frontline image

‘FRONTLINE’ for fleas, on pets contains Fipronil (Fluoride)

   http://termiteuniversity.com/Chandler.pdf  

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Fluoride and 1080 – Sodium fluoroacetate

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Fluoride Toothpaste – Pet Dogs – RSPCA – UK

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Dogs and fluoride toothpaste-a no no!

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Australian native wild animals are somewhat F. tolerant. 1080 (Sodium fluoroacetate) is used to kill dingos (dogs) (not strictly native to Australia). Mammalian animals including humans suffering with severe fluorosis, yield milk with a VERY low levels of fluoride. — ‘Nature protects her young’ —

Fluoride Toxicity in Domestic and Wild Animals

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Read More: http://informahealthcare.com/doi/pdfplus/10.3109/15563657208990999

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MICE EXPOSED TO ARSENIC SUSCEPTIBLE TO INFLUENZA

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SULFOXAFLOR  a systemic insecticide which acts as an  insect neurotoxin and is a member a class of chemicals called sulfoximines which act on the central nervous system of insects. [Including BEES]

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THE DISAPPEARING HOUSE SPARROW

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More info on  →  Daphnia and Fluoride
The water flea is the generally acknowledged standard aquatic, animal and the measure of its toxicity
test has been prescribed
as the obligatory item by many countries.

Sometimes Daphnia may be used in certain environments
to test the effects of toxins on an ecosystem, which makes them an indicator genus …

[Notice the young inside! ]

Daphnia

Credit photo to  http://www.arkive.org/about/contact.html

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FISH LICE COULD BE EARLY INDICATORS OF METAL POLLUTION IN FRESHWATER

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FLUORIDE IN PET FOOD: Extract from:

Manataka American Indian Council™
Fluoride – dangerously high levels found in pet food
By Melissa Solis – Houston Pet Care Examiner

Pet food has a new level of danger hiding behind its labels. Environmental Working Group (EWG) just released a new study that showed high levels of fluoride in eight of ten pet foods tested. Consuming fluoride can lead to many serious health concerns.

Three studies show that boys who drink fluoridated tap water between the ages of 6 and 8 face a heightened risk of osteosarcoma, the rare but deadly form of bone cancer associated with fluoride (Bassin 2006; Cohn 1992; DHHS 1991). Scientists suspect that boys’ rapid growth may make them more susceptible to bone cancer (Bassin 2006)

OSTEOSARCOMA IS THE MOST COMMON PRIMARY BONE TUMOUR IN DOGS;  it is estimated to occur in over 8,000 dogs each year in the U.S., primarily in larger breeds (Chun 2003; Dernell 2001; Priester 1980; Withrow 1991). According to a recent expert review, the actual incidence is probably higher, since not all cases are confirmed and registered (Mueller 2007). Large dogs with fast growing bones are especially at risk. Only 5% of all osteosarcomas develop in dogs weighing less than 30 pounds and giant dogs generally develop osteosarcoma at a younger age compared to smaller-sized dogs and (Cooley 1997; Misdorp 1979).

A dog drinking adequate water would be exposed to 0.05-0.1 mg fluoride per kg of body weight daily, depending on the dog’s water consumption. A 10-pound puppy that eats about a cup of dog food a day would ingest approximately 0.25 mg fluoride/kg body weight/day based on average fluoride content in the 8 contaminated brands tested by EWG. At that rate, the puppy would consume 2.5 times more fluoride than EPA’s legal limit in drinking water.

When fluoride in drinking water is taken into consideration, a 10-pound puppy would be exposed to 3.5 times more fluoride than EPA allows in drinking water. Large breed puppies may be exposed to even more fluoride…

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This research was carried out by the Queensland Government in 1952

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  FLUOROSIS OF SHEEP IN QUEENSLAND  

↑  Full text – Three small books – Original Government research.  ↑

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    COMMONWEALTH of AUSTRALIA

Melbourne. 1938

BULLETIN NO. 121 Observations on the Toxicity of Fluorine for Sheep

     CSIRO was original formed in 1926 as CSIR (Council for Scientific and Industrial Research)

MINERAL DEFICIENCIES & EXCESSES IN CATTLE & SHEEP IN BRITAIN

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— P.T.F.E. —

( The F. is for fluoride )

Perfluoro-octanoic acid (PFOA), an ingredient of Teflon and also known as ‘C-8’, is a suspected carcinogen now found in humans, other animals and plants. PFOA is very persistent. Released into the environment it looks as if it will take literally millions of years to biodegrade.

Credit-to-Mercola

Teflon – The Devil We Know 

Just get rid of the non-stick fry pan...

       →  YOUR PET BIRD COULD COME TO A STICKY END  

PET BIRDS CAN DIE AN EXTREMELY PAINFUL AND AGONIZING DEATH WHEN EXPOSED TO FUMES FROM HEATED TEFLON

See also:

Merck Veterinary Manual

Dupont- Deadly Ch.

Teflon Cookware (contains Fluoride)

 polytetraflouethylene (PTFE).

“Like so many products developed for the sake of convenience  without concern for human health,  Teflon coated non-stick cookware when heated has proven to be a primary source of a dangerous toxic fluoride derivative, specifically perfluorinated chemicals.”

The chemical industry doesn’t want you to be afraid of Teflon pans, but you should be.

.

PTFE is odorless and invisible and bioaccumulates. When heated above 260ºC it is lethal to birds (pets) and will give humans flu like symptoms. A Teflon pan reached 721°F in just five minutes as measured by a commercially available infrared thermometer. However safe alternatives are now now available (from their web site):

 CeraMax Ceramic cookware is forged with a super-efficient thermal conductive base which instantly radiates heat throughout the entire pan in seconds.100% PTFE and PFOA free Ordinary non-stick pans often contain the chemical compounds PTFE and PFOA in their coatings. These chemicals can alter the original taste of your food and can even release toxins into your food..

See also   “Dump Dangerous Pots and Pans Laced With Cancer-Causing Chemicals”

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FLUORIDE AND THE PINEAL GLAND

Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry,

Szczecin, Poland 

Department of Maxillofacial Surgery,

Hospital of the Ministry of Interior,  Kielce, Poland

 Published: 22 April 2020

Original →  HERE

This paper is mostly about humans – however:

   EXTRACT: In the pineal glands taken from the common merganser (Mergus merganser), Kalisinskaetal et al. recorded very high fluoride contents (mean > 1000 mg/kg dw), which even exceed the concentrations observed in the bones of these birds.

   Such a high concentration of fluoride in the gland is explained by the incompleteness of the blood–brain barrier in birds, which facilitates the penetration of various substances into the central nervous system.

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Problems with fire fighting chemicals

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IN CASE YOU MISSED IT   ABC News-Impacts of PFOS and PFOA 

It was revealed in September 2015 [This problem will be here for a long time.]

 the chemicals had leaked from Williamtown Air Force base into ground and surface water, prompting bans on bore water and closing fishing grounds. “Stop trying to downplay the seriousness of this issue. They are incredibly serious toxins, and it is a real worry for those people living around them.-” Mariann Lloyd-Smith, National Toxics Network senior advisor. – The New South Wales Environment Protection Authority (EPA) has started a statewide investigation into the historical use of the firefighting foam.

Editors comment: The RAAF once used harmless environmentally friendly fermented blood and bone, and liquorice to make fire fighting foam, – it made the plants grow fast…

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EFFECTS OF FLUORIDE EXPOSURE ON THE GROWTH, 
METAMORPHOSIS, AND SKELETAL DEVELOPMENT OF 
RANA CHENSINESIS AND RANA NIGROMACULATA LARVAE

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Toxic Flame Retardants

PROBLEMS WITH FIRE RETARDANTS

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Cesium Contamination- Bluefin tuna-Fukushima

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THE DISAPPEARING SPARROW & FLUORIDES

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   Guinea pigs have a requirement for vitamin C,

They  cannot manufacture or store vitamin C.
(Lack of the enzyme L-gulono-gamma-lactone oxidase)
 (THE SAME AS US HUMANS)

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According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture,
“Airborne fluorides have caused more worldwide
damage to domestic animals than any other air pollutant.”
Most Damage Payments Are “Out-of Court” Settlements.

~ FLUORIDE AND PLANTS ~

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Some Plants Are Very Sensitive to Fluoride Damage

Fluoride is considered to be the most phytotoxic pollutant and susceptible plant
species can be injured at ambient concentrations of about 0.8 pg F m4
(Weinstein and Alcsher-Herman, 1982).

Our List – Not Comprehensive

Alstroemeria,  |  Apricots,  |  Aspidistra spp.,  |  Calathea and Maranta spp.,  |   Chamaedorea elegans, |  Chiorophytum comosum Spider Plant,  |   Citrus,  |   Cordyline terminalis Good Luck Plant,  |   Corn,  | Chrysanthemums, |  Daylilies (Hemerocallis),  |   Dracaena spp.,  |   Gibasis pellucida Tahitian Bridal Veil,   |  Gladioli, | More on Gladioli,  |  Grapes,  |   Howea forsterana, |  Lilium spp.,  |  lichens (biomonitoring), | Mangos, | Maranta leuconeura  Prayer Plant,  |  Maize  |  Olive trees,   |  Parlor Palm,  |  Peaches,  |  Petunias,  |  Pine Trees (most),  |   Roses,  |  Snapdragons, |  Spathiphyllum spp .,  |   Tradescantia spp., |    Tulips,   | Yucca spp. |  Horse Chestnuts

“Fluoride and Tea Drinking”

            More info →  HERE  (Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association)

Some pine trees are very sensitive to fluorides and can be used
as bio-indicators for air [and water] pollution.

    Some ferns and rain forest plants can show sensitivity to
fluoride when watered on their foliage.

Fluoride-induced injury (air pollution) to coniferous forests can occur at a distance of 32 km from an emitting source, and total destruction of some species at 13 km distance. Fluorides are released into the air in both a gaseous state (as hydrogen fluoride and silicon tetrafluoride) and in solid particles. The particles fall on, and the gases are absorbed by, vegetation near the polluting industry [or volcano]. If this vegetation includes forage crops, which are fed to cattle, sheep, horses, pigs, or kangaroos. (The EPA says fluoride from Alcoa’s aluminium smelter at Portland [Victoria] is making kangaroos sick. 23 Feb. 2010), serious problems can ensue, since these animals, particularly cattle are vulnerable to fluoride. In fact, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, “Airborne fluorides have caused more worldwide damage to domestic animals than any other air pollutant.”

[See also: Fluoride Injury Symptoms In Epiphytic Lichens And Mosses  HERE ]
See more further down this page.

Huge compensation payments have been made, – mostly as ‘Out of court settlements‘.


❝  The thing to note with plants is that plants will readily absorb fluorine that is sprayed [(irrigation,) or falls] on the leaves. If flood [or drip] irrigation is used, the plants accumulate far less fluoride due to calcium absorption in the soil and the plant’s discriminatory uptake through the roots  ❞

– Dr. Miller.

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        ↓ Extract from research paper 

Q.  If crops are grown [in soil] where there is fluorine contamination do they take up the fluorine and pass the trouble on to somebody else ?

A.  [R. Allcroft] No, it is not a case of passing it on to somebody else. It has been shown that most plants do not take up fluorine from the soil. There are exceptions: the tea plant and the camellia which appear to be fluorine collectors. Most grasses and root crops do not take it up from soils. It is mostly a question of contamination of the surface, there-fore humans get off lightly because we do not eat grass. The inner parts of cabbages and similar crops are not high in fluorine, only the outer coverings which are removed. Cereal grains are also quite safe…

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Fluorine Toxicity in Plants

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…The mechanism by which these produce this
fluorinated compound is not yet known…

Dichapetalum cymosum

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“…Air pollution damage to vegetation

HERE and HERE

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 Recommended, very comprehensive.

CARING FOR CUT FLOWERS

Fluoride damage from city tap water is best avoided especially for rose buds.
Flowers should be placed in clean fluoride free water IMMEDIATELY after cutting.
Bougainvillea flowers WILL last in water only if this is done,
and the ends of the stalks are smashed.

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SOME EFFECTS OF INORGANIC FLUORIDE

ON PLANTS, ANIMALS AND MAN

Faculty Research Lecture

No 151956

 35 Pages PDF — Utah University

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FLUORIDE ACCUMULATION BY VEGETATION IN THE VICINITY

OF A PHOSPHATE FERTILIZER PLANT IN TUNISIA

Russian Fluoridation Research

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Fluoride Concentration of Soil and Vegetables in Vicinity of Zinc Smelter…

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 ‘ FLUORIDES IN THE ENVIRONMENT ’ 

by

L.H.Weinstein and A.W. Davison 

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Fluoride content of edible Plants

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We thank you for this large and comprehensive file ↓

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EXTRACT:

Fluoride is one of the most common airborne pollutants and its phytotoxicity is well known.
Major sources of ai¡borne F. pollution are brickworks, aluminium smelters and phosphate
fertiliser factories. Fluoride is also an impurity in phosphatic fertilisers (2-3Vo) and
this is the major source of F. contamination in agricultural soils. Until recently F.
added to the soil was considered to adsorb strongly to the soil and therefore
was unavailable to the plant. However, some recent studies in agricultural
and industrial situations have shown increases in water extractable
 F. in soils, which could be potentially available to the plant.
Fluoride is considered one of the most 
toxic inorganic pollutants. 

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Literature Review 

Fluoride and Plant Life

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Plants and Foods Containing Fluorine – Dr. Olree

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⇒  FLUORINE AND FLUORIDE. 

INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMME ON CHEMICAL SAFTY (IPCS)

Extract:

Page 46 of 136

  1. EFFECTS ON PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Plants are exposed to fluoride in the soil, and in the air as a result of volcanic activity, natural fires, wind-blown dusts, pesticides or as emissions from processes in which fluorine-containing materials are burned, manufactured, handled, or used (US NAS, 1971).
The main route of entry of fluoride into animals is by ingestion, so plants are important vectors of the element in all ecosystems…

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It is well known that industrial installations producing bricks,
phosphate fertilizers, and glass, along with coal-fired power
stations and aluminium smelters, are the most important
sources of gaseous and particulate fluoride pollution,
as well as volcanoes.

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LICHENS – In the vicinity of an aluminum factory, lichens accumulated 400–600 μg F/g of dry weight (as compared to less than 10 μg/g in un- contaminated regions) [40]. The symptoms of toxic fluoride action include chlorosis, necrosis, weakening and loss of thalli binding to rocks and tree bark. The most sensitive to fluoride are fru- ticose lichens, whose survival decreased to 1% for 4 years of observations. The majority of foliose lichen species also lost up to 88% of biomass, whereas crustose lichens were the most resistant to fluoride action and gradually occupied areas of dying lichens of other species.

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  MOUNT ETNA & FLUORIDE  

The analysis of fluorine content in Etnean vegetation focused on two of
the most widespread tree species in the area: Chestnut (Castanea Sativa) and
Pine (Pinus Nigra). Pine were generally of the subspecies Laricius (Corsican Pine), the
subspecies Austriaca (Austrian Pine) was sometimes used (where Laricius was absent).

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[ ‘Plants Of The Bible’ is not fluoride related. ]

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Blue-green algae increased by the use of glyphosate.

We all need clean water to bath in!

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Fluoridated water, with lead-contaminated fluoride,
is also capable of leaching more lead from water pipes and fittings.

Lead is poison, a potent neurotoxin whose sickening and deadly effects
have been known for nearly 3,000 years and written about by historical
figures from the Greek poet and physician Nikander and the Roman
architect Vitruvius to Benjamin Franklin. Odorless, colorless and
tasteless,
lead can be detected only through chemical analysis.

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 An Old Lead Mine

Silicofluorides contain more lead than sodium fluoride. 
Compared with NaF, SiFs cause more lead to be leached from
brass pipe and fittings and from the lead solder used to solder 
copper pipe and cast iron water mains. For all these reasons
SiFs should be disallowed as fluoridation materials.

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 Lead in Aviation Fuel +

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Fluoride-Lead-s

Original  HERE 

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The fluosilicates are the by-products of the phosphate fertilizer industry.
In the manufacture of this kind of fertilizer, phosphorus is obtained from phosphate rock,
which has to be broken down with sulfuric acid.

(1) Fluorine occurs naturally in combination with the phosphates.

(2) In these two facts lie the keys to the presence of lead in the fluosilicates.

Step One: Sulfuric acid is prepared by either of two ways, the lead chamber process

(3) or the contact method.

(4) In its purest form (made by the contact method) it is used in pharmaceuticals; in its lowest grade (produced by the lead chamber process) it is used by the fertilizer industry.

(5) It is also frequently recovered for re-use, but this form is too impure for any purpose except the manufacture of fertilizer, for which it is quite suitable.

(6) In the lead chamber process purification is carried out only to the extent of removing substances that could clog the machinery.

(7) Of the common metals, only lead is resistant to cold sulfuric acid in concentrations up to 100%. But in hot acid the resistance is up to about 70%.

(8) The lead chamber type uses heat (about 600 C) and isn’t cooled during the process. That’s why a certain amount of lead is leached during this procedure.

If a pure product is needed, the contact method is used, but it’s more expensive, more complicated. In the making of fertilizer, however, a pure grade is not necessary. After all, neither fertilizer nor its by-products were intended for human consumption.

Step Two: Fluorine, which is a highly reactive element capable of joining with any other element except oxygen, is able to leach lead from the contaminated sulfuric acid. In the past hydrofluosilicic acid was simply neutralized and discarded. The picking up of lead wouldn’t have been a problem. But eventually it was decided that the acid, being already in solution, would be better, simpler to use, and less expensive than sodium fluoride.

(9) The lead contamination, apparently, was forgotten (if, indeed, it had ever been noticed.)

Sodium fluoride is also lead-tainted (and with arsenic, as well.) Aluminum ore (bauxite) is usually contaminated with lead and arsenic (and a number of other elements.) In order to obtain a pure product, these have to be removed.

(10) They become part of the major by-product of aluminum refining, sodium fluoride.

Another way in which fluoridation contributes to lead in the water is through its action on whatever lead pipes may still be in existence in older homes. Any lead pipes would be old lead. These are ordinarily covered by a protective coating made by the lead itself which is impervious to diluted acids (as all of them would be in water.) Water acts slowly on lead, forming lead hydroxide, but the action is slight if the water contains carbon dioxide or carbonates or sulfates which interact with lead to form these protective coatings.

(11) It’s interesting that the lead pipes in Roman aqueducts, 2000 years old, are still in such good shape the numbers and letters engraved on them are clearly legible.

(12) In fluoridated water, though, it’s a different matter. Fluorine can and does destroy the protective coatings; it can and does leach lead. – A paediatric textbook published in 1964

(13) noted that the incidence of lead poisoning had been rising in certain metropolitan areas in Eastern United States. The blame was laid on old lead paint flaking from walls and woodwork. But most of the lead chips were old before 1964; some children chewed them long before then. But a new source of lead had arisen–unnoticed: The fluoridation of water, with lead-contaminated fluoride, a substance also capable of leaching lead from the pipes. Although there were scattered places fluoridating throughout the nation, larger numbers of eastern metropolitan communities were doing so.

Today one in nine children under the age of six is said to have unacceptably high blood lead levels

(14) even though lead paint was banned in 1978 (and hadn’t been used extensively since the 1950’s!) Lead in gasoline has been phased out, and lead solder hasn’t been permitted on copper tubing since 1986 (eight years ago.) The EPA says that lead stabilizes in five years. So except for fluoride use, any pipes, whether of lead or lead-soldered, should not now be hazardous. The most revealing statistics, though, are the high blood lead levels in 400,000 newborns each year. Newsweek in its article on lead and the threat to children

(15) said that pregnant women passed this toxic substance to their unborn children by eating, drinking, or breathing it. But even though pregnant women do sometimes have weird cravings, it’s not likely more than a tiny percentage would be chewing paint chips, nor would a significant number of them be engaged in renovating old houses. The lead is in the water–and in foods and beverages prepared with the water.

The EPA estimates that 10-20% of the lead in children comes from the drinking water.

(16) That agency, which knows of the lead contamination of fluoride products, insists the amount is too small to be of regulatory concern. What they have overlooked, though, is that it concentrates in the body tissues, and over time, would add up to quite a lot. In addition, it becomes concentrated in products processed with the water. The 10-20% directly from the water can easily become three or four times as much.

The EPA lists as health problems caused by lead the following conditions: Interference with formation of red blood cells, anemia, kidney damage, impaired reproductive function, interference with Vitamin D metabolism, impaired cognitive performance, delayed neurological and physical development, elevations in blood pressure.

(17) The agency also suggests lead my be a carcinogen, possibly causing kidney tumors and lymphocytic leukemia.

(18) Furthermore, it’s a known scientific fact that lead poisons the bone marrow.

(19) Surely, then, it would be prudent to avoid even “a little bit of lead,” assuming that’s all fluoridation contributes.

But the evidence shows it’s much more than that. Let us tell you a tale of two cities–Tacoma, Washington, and Thurmont, Maryland. Both of them saw significant decline in lead levels only six months after fluoridation was stopped. (In Tacoma, that was due to equipment problems, in Thurmont, it was a temporary ban by the city council.) Tacoma registered a drop of nearly 50%

(20)  in Thurmont it was 78%.

(21) To the best of our knowledge, no other explanations were offered. In Thurmont the ban is now permanent.

(22) In Tacoma, we’re told, a battle continues over whether or not to resume fluoridating.

We have more points to add. As we’ve already mentioned, the EPA says that lead may be implicated in causing leukemia. A booklet published by the Leukemia Society in 1987 noted that chemicals which damage the bone marrow can cause leukemia. The Book of Popular Science, 1974, pointed out that bone marrow is poisoned by lead.  [link added by us]

(23) Are we to believe, then, nothing is wrong with putting a little bit of lead into the water (from which it will also enter, more concentrated, food and beverages prepared with the water?)

The EPA permits lead-contaminated fluorides to be added; they do not require it. Thus, any community, anywhere, could halt the program any time, with the consent of its citizens, who surely would consent if given the facts.

Lead-tainted fluorides are waste products mainly of the aluminum and phosphate fertilizer industries, largely from US companies. But we’ve learned that in some communities sodium fluoride imported from Japan or sodium silicofluoride from Belgium are used. Neither of these nations fluoridates its own water supplies.

(24) (Don’t you get the feeling we’re in the same category as a Third World Country becoming a toxic waste dump for others?) In California recently the Attorney General and two environmental groups have sued the makers of brass pumps containing lead which could contaminate water from wells.

(25) But who is suing companies who sell lead-tainted products to cities for their fluoridation purposes? Who is suing the EPA for allowing it? Where are the lawsuits against the US Public Health Service and the Centers for Disease Control for adamantly promoting it?

In conclusion, there’s still the matter of lead being leached from old pipes. Anyone who argues that fluoridation had nothing to do with it will have to explain those well-preserved lead pipes from more than 2000 years ago in unfluoridated Roman water. 

REFERENCES:

(1) Book of Popular Science, Grolier, Inc., 1974, Vol.7, 63.
(2) Ibid.
(3) Book of Popular Science, Vol. 3, 167-169.
(4) Book of Popular Science, Vol. 7, 62.
(5) Encyclopedia Brittanica, 1957, Vol.21, 545.
(6) Ibid., 545.
(7) Ibid., 546.
(8) Ibid., 545A
(9) Book of Popular Science, Vol. 7, 63-64.
(10) Encyclopedia Americana, 1945, Vol. 1, 456.
(11) Encyclopedia Brittanica, 1957, Vol.1, 715.
(12) Book of Popular Science, Vol. 3, 39.
(13) Textbook of Pediatrics, Nelson WS, MD, WB Saunders Co., Philadelphia,London, 1964, 1557.
(14) Newsweek, “Lead and Your Kids,” July 15, 1991.
(15) Ibid.
(16) Ibid.
(17) Federal Register, Bol. 56, No. 110, June 7, 1991, 264.
(18) Ibid., 265-70.
(19) Book of Popular Science, Vol. 3, 74.
(20) Letter from the Tacoma Public Utilities, Dec. 2, 1992.
(21) Fluoride Report, newsletter, April, 1994, 5.
(22) Ibid.
(23) Book of Popular Science, Vol. 3,74.
(24) Letter from Tacoma Public Utilities, May 22, 1992.
(25) Kansas City STAR, April 19, 1994

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Lead in Plumbing Products and Materials 

 by – MP Taylor, PJ Harvey and AL Morrison

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See also 

FLUORIDE LEAD AND PIPES

One of the most important lines of evidence
 that has been ignored is that which connects
silicofluorides with increased lead in water.

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Plumb-solvency Exacerbated by Fluoridation-Dr. Geoff Pain

Global Decline in Tooth Decay
correlates with reduced Airborne Lead
(Pb) but water Fluoridation prevents further progress.

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Lead Poisoning At Mount Isa And Fluoridation

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Chloramine + Lead Pipes + Fluoride = Contaminated Tap Water +

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Water Fluoridation Targets Black Americans

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MORE INFO ON FLUORIDES AND LEAD ON OUR POST  

Water Treatment With Silicofluorides And Lead Toxicity

 Council LEAD Project NSW

 — THE DISAPPEARING  SPARROW—

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There is a custom of using pipes for electrical grounding.

This accelerates lead corrosion and  also increases lead in drinking water.

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MORE INFORMATION ON LEAD & FLUORIDATION – by John MacArthur 

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BBC-NEWS-Mag.-m

The fatal attraction of lead

For millennia lead has held a deep attraction for painters, builders, chemists and winemakers – but it’s done untold harm, especially to children. And while it’s no longer found in petrol, you’ve still got several kilograms of it in your car. (It is still used in some aviation petrol.)

Element number 82 is one of a handful that mankind has known for millennia. The oldest pure lead, found in Turkey, was made by early smelters more than 8,000 years ago.

That’s because lead is very simple to produce. It often comes mixed up with other more coveted minerals, notably silver. And once the ore is out of the ground, thanks to its low melting point, the lead can easily be separated out in an open fire.

One place lead has long been mined is the Derbyshire Dales, at the southern end of the UK’s Peak District National Park.

Lead mine DerbyshireDisused lead mine in Derbyshire UK

As well as its tourist-friendly natural beauty, the area’s volcanic and limestone geology also provided the perfect conditions for mineralising the lead sulphide ore called galena.

For 100 million years the lead just sat there harmlessly, locked up in the rock. Then, 3,000 years ago, people began to dig it up. And then the Romans arrived. And soon enough boatloads of Derbyshire ingots were being shipped back to the Continent.

The Romans were the first to exploit lead on an industrial scale. Ice cores in Greenland contain traces of lead dust from 2,000 years ago, carried on the wind from giant Roman smelters. One of the largest, located in Spain, was operated by tens of thousands of slaves.

Lead found dozens of uses throughout the Empire. Being apparently insoluble, it was used to line aqueducts and make water pipes – the word “plumber” derives from the Latin for lead, plumbum.

Roman lead pipes

The Romans excelled at plumbing, unfortunately they used lead pipes.

“I think of it as the plastic of the past,” explains Derbyshire lead mining historian Lynn Willis. “It’s flexible, you can cast it into thin sheets, solder it into pipes.”

The metal was malleable and seemingly impervious to corrosion, and so – just like modern plastics – it became ubiquitous. And not just in Roman times.

“In a large house in the 17th Century you might find the table covered with [lead tableware], the cisterns holding the water, the drains, the pipes.”

Lead has a long association with the building trade, providing a waterproof material for roofing, window frames, and for sealing stone walls. And a heavy lump of lead on a string formed the plumb-line builders used to ensure those walls were vertical.

Peeling Lead Paint ff

The metal was found to have other magical properties. Lead carbonate, for example, has provided a cheap, durable paint since ancient times. Known today as “flake white”, it was prized by Old Masters such as Rembrandt because of the steadfastness of its colour and the beautiful contrasts it would bring to their oil portraits.

Meanwhile, glassmakers learned that adding in some lead oxide would yield glassware such as wine decanters that would glisten, because the lead refracted the light across a wider arc.

Unfortunately, a leaded crystal wine decanter turns out to be a singularly bad idea, according to Andrea Sella, chemistry professor at University College London, especially if the wine (or sherry, port or brandy) is held in it for a long time.

“The lead slowly dissolves out into the wine itself. The intriguing thing is that you get a compound that used to be known as ‘the sugar of lead’.”

This compound, lead acetate, not only looks like sugar, it also has an intensely sweet flavour, Prof Sella explains.

“One of the curious things is that the drink that you would put into your decanter would over time gradually become sweeter.”

But lead, of course, is also toxic. Once inside the body, it interferes with the propagation of signals through the central nervous system, and it inveigles its way into enzymes, disrupting their role in processing the nutritious elements zinc, iron and calcium.

And so history is littered with examples of people, often unwittingly, enhancing the flavour of their beverages with lead, with horrendous consequences for the health of the end-consumers.

The citizens of Ulm in Germany were plagued by agonising stomach cramps in the 1690s. But it was soon noted at a local monastery that some of the monks, who happened to abstain from drinking the popular local wine, were being spared by God.

The source was eventually identified as a lead oxide sweetener added to the wine – and then eliminated via what was possibly the world’s first formal ban on the use of lead.

In England, these same stomach cramps became known as “Devon colic” after a similar 17th Century outbreak, this time caused by the lead used in local cider presses.

Gout could also be brought on by lead poisoning, and became a hallmark of the English nobility in the 18th Century. The apparent cause this time was the 1703 Methuen Treaty between England and Portugal, better known as the “Port Wine Treaty”.

It cemented military friendship and favourable trade terms between the two nations, stimulating a booming trade in port. Guess what the wine came laced with? Lead acetate.

Lead-induced gout was all too familiar to the Romans too. They associated it with the morose god Saturn, who ate his own children.

The link was apt. Chronic lead exposure causes depression, headaches, aggression and memory loss. It can also cause sterility, and some suggest this explains the common failure of Roman aristocrats, such as Caesar Augustus, to produce a natural heir.

How were the Romans poisoned? Tiny amounts of lead in water pipes dissolve into soft water (the lime-scale from hard water stops this process). The Romans also handled lead in the form of coins, pots and dishes. And they used it in paints and cosmetics.

However, the biggest probable source was once again wine, specifically a sweetener-cum-preservative the Romans called sapa or defrutum.

Roman wall image ff

The Romans boiled concentrated grape juice down in lead pots into a syrup that helped extend the life of wines. Why lead pots? According to the winemaker Columella, “brass vessels give off copper rust, which has an unpleasant flavour.”

The outcome is clear from bones in ancient Roman cemeteries, which contain lead levels more than three times the modern safe limit recommended by the World Health Organization.

~  SOME KEY FACTS ON LEAD ~

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  • The Babylonians used the metal for plates on which to record inscriptions

  • Malleable, ductile, and dense, it is a poor conductor of electricity

  • Symptoms of lead poisoning include abdominal pain and diarrhoea followed by constipation, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headache, and general weakness

  • Resistant to corrosion

Whether this contributed to the apparent madness of emperors such as Caligula and Nero, and the eventual collapse of the Empire remains a contentious question among classical scholars.

But it’s clear that the Industrial Revolution unleashed a new wave of lead poisoning far greater than anything in ancient times, and this time it was the working classes rather than aristocrats who bore the brunt.

Derbyshire lead miners for example were often marked by a black line across their gums – brought on apparently by the chemical reaction between lead in the miners’ blood and sulphur released by bacteria in the mouth, after they had eaten certain kinds of food, including eggs.

The worst affected were those employed in smelting or in the manufacture of lead-based paints, who found themselves surrounded daily by lead fumes.

Person suffering from lead poisoningA black line on the gums is one sign of lead poisoning

Take the Sheffield paintworks, for example. After three months at the works, employees typically developed a skull-like complexion of pallid skin and dark recessed eyes, Willis says. Melancholy, pain, infertility and death followed.

“In the 1870s, the doctor reported that six people out of 70-80 had died the previous year,” says Willis. But he also noted that in his father’s time in the 1830s they had died “like sheep”.

Given that lead poisoning had been around so long, the actions of the chemist Thomas Midgley Jr appear to have been reckless in the extreme. He is the man who put lead in petrol.

In 1921 as a brilliant young chemist at General Motors he discovered that adding the compound tetra-ethyl lead made engines run more efficiently, eliminating the uncontrolled knocking of early motorcars.

The product was marketed as the benign-sounding “ethyl”. When challenged about the dangers of the lead content, Midgley called a press conference at which he poured the chemical over his hands and breathed in its vapour for a full minute, claiming he could do so every day without ill effect.

In reality, both before and after this incident Midgley spent months plagued by the effects of lead poisoning. GM’s ethyl plant in New Jersey, meanwhile, was forced to close after several workers went mad and some died. The press renamed ethyl “looney gas”.   Midgley was a tragic individual.

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Later in life he contracted polio and became bed-ridden, so he designed a system of pulleys to raise himself up – only one day he became entangled in them and died of asphyxiation.

However, the greatest tragedy was his legacy. IT WAS MIDGLEY WHO INVENTED CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS – CFCs the refrigerant gases later found to be responsible for opening up the hole in the ozone layer and increasing the incidence of skin cancer. And cars – far more of them than Midgley could have conceived of in the 1920s – would continue to belch out lead bromide fumes for decades.

Although this was a far more dilute source of poisoning than Roman sapa or the fug of a Victorian paintworks, it was incomparably more far-reaching, affecting every city on the planet. And this time the victims were children.

It was another American, the paediatric psychiatrist Herbert Needleman, who was responsible for finally getting the lead taken out of petrol. – [However not in all aviation fuels.]

In the 1970s and 1980s he discovered that even very low levels of lead exposure did irreversible damage to infants, including unborn babies. As they grew up, their IQs were lower, they had trouble concentrating, and often dropped out of school.

As young adults, data suggested, they were more likely to become bullies, delinquents, criminals, teenage parents, drug addicts, unemployed, and so on. Needleman concluded that the lead had permanently weakened their ability to resist dangerous impulses.

mapped closely to when their respective crime statistics peaked two decades later.

Thanks in large part to Needleman’s work, the US began phasing out tetraethyl lead in 1975, and most of the planet followed suit. Yet it is only now that the possible scale of the harm done by lead poisoning is becoming apparent.

That’s because many academics now believe leaded petrol was responsible for a global crime wave that peaked in the 1990s.

One such is economist Jessica Wolpaw Reyes of Amherst College in the US. “When we had leaded generations in the 1960s and 1970s, they would have been far more likely to commit crimes, especially violent crimes, in the 80s and 90s,” she says.

She found that the timing of when petroleum companies phased out leaded petrol in individual US states between 1975 and 1996.

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Other studies looking at the difference between countries worldwide found similar results. However, the link between lead and crime is still disputed, witplenty of other explanations forwarded for the global drop in crime rates.

FIND OUT MORE:

In Elementary Business, BBC World Service’s Business Daily goes back to basics and examines key chemical elements – and asks what they mean for businesses and the global economy.

All paints, even durable lead-based ones, are prone to crumble eventually. But being a chemical element, the lead never breaks down or disappears. Instead, the dust can be inhaled, or the sweet-tasting flakes can be consumed by a curious toddler.

In the UK the ban has extended beyond bulk household paints to include artists’ suppliers, such as the 150-year-old L Cornelissen in London’s Bloomsbury.

“It is a traditional paint and has passed the test of many, many centuries,” says the shop’s owner, Nicholas Walt, ruefully. “Petrol’s pretty dangerous too, but we’ve learned how to handle it, and it’s a shame that we can’t do the same with flake white.”

Lead can still be found as a radiation shield at your doctor’s surgery, or as a roof lining material in northern Europe. It’s also being used to waterproof and immobilise subsea electric cables for offshore windfarms.

But the biggest use by far is, ironically enough, still in your car. Almost 90% of lead is used to make batteries. Some of them sit in hospitals or mobile phone beacons to provide back-up power in case the grid goes down. But most of them are used to start people’s cars every morning.

Lead is not the most obvious metal for a car battery. Coming from the bottom of the periodic table, it is exceptionally dense, and a great weight to carry around – about as far from a lithium battery as you can get.

However, unlike other batteries, it will provide the initial surge of energy needed to get your engine moving, again and again for years, without breaking. Even hybrid and fully electric cars typically contain a lead acid battery to complement their main lithium or metal-hydride one.

And now for the good news: Unlike a can of leaded petrol, a lead-acid battery is a sealed unit. The lead never escapes. And that remains true even at the end of the battery’s life.

“Lead has the highest recycling rate of any metal,” says Dr Andy Bush, head of the International Lead Association.
“The recycling rate in Europe and North America [for batteries] is 99%.”

He says this isn’t just because of environmental regulations. Lead is a very easy metal to recycle.

Batteries for recycling
Recycled batteries

That much is clear from a visit to the HJ Enthoven recycling plant at Darley Dale – a last vestige of the Derbyshire lead mining industry.

They take lead batteries, then smash them to pieces in a contained unit. That makes extracting the metallic lead a simple task as it just sinks to the bottom. Lead is also recovered from the sulphurous electrolyte fluid.

All that molten lead is then poured into ingots that can be sent straight back to a battery manufacturer. Even the recovered plastic gets turned back into battery casings.

“It’s a completely closed loop,” says the plant’s manager, Peter Allbutt. “This is a material that is recyclable again and again and again.”

All the same, you may still be surrounded by lead that doesn’t form part of this loop. It remains in some old pipes and in older layers of household paint.

Amazingly, a handful of countries – Iraq, Yemen, Burma, North Korea – continue to use leaded petrol. And there are many more countries in the world, including India and China, which are still getting to grips with the pollution from their lead smelting industries.

And in some places it’s found its way into the earth.

In the Derbyshire Dales, the average lead content in the region’s soil, at 0.05%, is 10 times the UK national average. In some hotspots – downwind from old smelters, or where miners dumped their spoils – it can be as high as 3%.

And it will just continue to sit there, until someone cleans it up.

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Faraday observed in the 1830s that lead fluoride when

heated to red hot conducts electricity similar to platinum.

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THE SECRET HISTORY OF LEAD

Well put together recommended reading by us.

Full text  → HERE

EXTRACT: … Lead was outlawed as an automotive gasoline additive in this country in 1986–more than sixty years after its introduction–to enable the use of emissions-reducing catalytic converters in cars (which are contaminated and rendered useless by lead) and to address the myriad health and safety concerns that have shadowed the toxic additive from its first, tentative appearance on US roads in the twenties, through a period of international ubiquity only recently ending. Since the virtual disappearance of leaded gas in the United States (it’s still sold for use in propeller airplanes), the mean blood-lead level of the American population has declined more than 75 percent. A 1985 EPA study estimated that as many as 5,000 Americans died annually from lead-related heart disease prior to the country’s lead phaseout…

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More Dangers of Lead – Children

Lead poisoning is a national problem. In children under the age of 6, the threshold for elevated blood lead levels is just 5 micrograms per liter. Because there is no safe level of exposure, even this seemingly small amount is enough to be damaging, especially to children.

Lead was once commonly used in fuel, household paint and plumbing materials, and is still often found in older buildings. Lead is a known neurotoxin, and children are especially susceptible to its effects. It can cause irreparable damage to almost all organ systems in the human body, but is most known for its ability to disrupt cognitive development and cause learning disabilities.
The neurological effects of lead are generally the most immediate, but this does not mean that other ill effects cannot occur, even later in life. According to the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease, childhood lead poisoning can contribute to other health issues later in life such as kidney issues, hypertension, reproductive difficulties and it can also affect the health of future offspring. So not only can lead poisoning harm children, it can set the stage for your children’s children to have health issues.

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See also our six postings below  ↓ ↓ ↓

Lead Poisoning At Mount Isa And Fluoridation

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http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-10-06/efforts-to-manage-mount-isa-lead-exposure-questioned/6830098   

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http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-10-06/mining-town-students-perform-poorly-due-to-contamination/6829792  

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http://www.ibtimes.com.au/pregnant-womens-exposure-lead-may-have-lasting-effects-can-be-passed-grandkids-1471841  

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 Water Treatment With Silicofluorides And Lead Toxicity

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LEAD IN AVIATION FUEL – Fluoridation Queensland

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A Company Is Producing Thousands of Cheap,

Floating Nuclear Reactors

!  NEW !  ↑

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The presence of polonium in tobacco smoke
has been known since the early 1960s.

The death of  the Russian former KGB (FSB) agent
Alexander Litvinenko has been linked to the
presence of a ‘major dose’ of radioactive
Polonium-210 in his coffee.

¿ Polonium is NOT subject to IAEA safeguards ?

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Polonium-210 png copy 2The two decay products of uranium:
RADON-222  and  POLONIUM-210 are
considered to be the second leading cause of  lung
cancer and are dangerous and carcinogenic.

The health risks are enormous, including:
bone cancer, internal organs destruction, brain damage & more.
Tobacco companies for 40 years have been concerned about
the public relations and litigation problems posed by
  polonium-210 in cigarettes. 

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Polunium-210 is soluble and is circulated through the body to every tissue and cell.
The proof is that it can be found in the blood and urine of smokers.
The circulating Polonium-210 ⇐ 165 references here] causes genetic damage and early death from diseases reminiscent of early radiological pioneers:
liver and bladder cancer, stomach ulcer, leukemia, cirrhosis of the liver, and cardiovascular diseases.

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     In his 1988 Report of the Surgeon General, it was reported that nicotine has an addictiveness similar to that of heroin or cocaine.
The Surgeon General C. Everett Koop MD (USPHS) stated that radioactivity, rather than tar, accounts for at least 90% of all smoking-related lung cancers.– The Center for Disease Control stated “Americans are exposed to far more radiation from tobacco smoke than from any other source.” 

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“Polonium 210 cancels out tellurium and selenium.
The number one reason for lung cancer is
polonium 210 toxicity causing a selenium deficiency.
The number two reason for lung cancer is the noble gas radon.”
Dr. Richard Olree  ‘Minerals for the Genetic Code’

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As little as 0.03 microcuries (6.8 trillionths of a gram) of
polonium-210 can be carcinogenic to humans.

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Puff  by puff, the poison Polonium-210,
builds up to the equivalent radiation dosage of 300 chest x-rays a year for a person who smokes one and a half packs a day. The presence of polonium in tobacco smoke has been known since the early 1960s.
Some of the world’s biggest tobacco firms researched ways to remove the substance to no avail
—over a 40-year period, but have never published the results
.

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   See more →  Fluoridation and the Phosphate Connection

   Extract:

“…Engineer Thomas Reeves has acknowledged the presence of radionuclides in fluorosilicic acid.

Radon-222 is not an immediate threat because it stops emitting alpha radiation and decays into lead-214 in 3.86 days. Lead-214 appears to be harmless but it eventually decays into bismuth-214 and then into polonium-214. Unless someone knew to look for specific isotopes, no one would know that a transmutation into the polonium isotope had occurred.

Polonium-210, a decay product of bismuth-210, has a half-life of 138 days and gives off intense alpha radiation as it decays into regular lead and becomes stable.
Any polonium-210 that might be present in the phosphate concentrate could pose a significant health threat. A very small amount of polonium-210 can be very dangerous, giving off 5,000 times more alpha radiation than the same amount of radium.
As little as 0.03 microcuries (6.8 trillionths of a gram) of polonium-210 can be carcinogenic to humans.”

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Alexander Litvinenko and Polonium 210

Alexander Livinenko Before & after P.210

The Death Of  The Russian Former KGB (FSB) agent Alexander Litvinenko has been
linked to the presence of a ‘major dose’ of radioactive Polonium-210 in his coffee.
Traces of the radioactive substance were discovered at various locations
in London visited by Mr. Litvinenko as well as in Russia and on two
British Airways (BA) flights.

His body was buried in a lead lined coffin. –  December 2006

FSB Moscow Polonium storeMore  info  → HERE  

Yasser Arafat and Polonium 210        

ArafatYasser Arafat – 24 August 1929 – 11 November 2004             ‎

By Adrian Blomfield, Middle East Correspondent,  03 July 2012 

Tests performed by a laboratory in Switzerland found significant traces of Polonium-210 on the late Palestinian leader’s clothes, adding a new twist to a case that has obsessed the Arab world for years.
Polonium-210 is the same substance used to poison the Russian dissident Alexader Litvinenko in London. (See Above) See also

 The claims are likely to renew long-held Palestinian suspicions that the Israeli spy agency Mossad assassinated Arafat, who died in a Paris hospital in November, 2004.

The Institute de Radiophysique in Lausanne found elevated levels of the element on Arafat’s personal effects. A urine stain in his underwear registered a level of 180 millibecquerels of Polonium-210, more than 20 times the dose to kill an average human being. “I can confirm to you that we measured an unexplained, elevated amount of unsupported Polonium-210 in the belongings of Mr Arafat that contained stains of biological fluids,” Dr Francois Bochod, the director of the institute,
told Al Jazeera, the pan-Arab television station.

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WATER FLUORIDATION AND POLONIUM 210

Uranium, Radium and Polonium-210  [ IAEA ] are known carcinogens
which are found in  fluorosilicic acid – used for water fluoridation.
Polonium-210 is one of two decay products of  Uranium…
Polonium decays into stable Lead-206, which also has
significant health risks—especially in children .
Drinking 
fluoridated water increases
lead absorption in our bodies. 

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     See  – QUT Research by Ross Kieinschmit in Queensland   HERE

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